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1、OnInfluenceofForeignWordsonEnglish1.IntroductionEnglishhasalargenumberofforeignwordsfromotherlanguages.Accordingtostatistics,aboutthree-fifthsofthetwentythousandcommonwordsinEnglishareforeignwords.ThisisinseparablefromthehistoricalconditionsofthedevelopmentofEngl
2、ish.ThehistoricaldevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguageshowsthatEnglishisaheavyborrower.WhilemanywordsenterEnglishasslang,notalldo.Somewordsareadoptedfromotherlanguages;somearemixturesofexistingwords(portmanteauwords),andsomearenewcoinagesmadeofrootsfromdeadlanguages.No
3、mattertheorigin,though,wordsseldom,ifeverareimmediatelyacceptedintotheEnglishlanguage.ThepaperillustrateshowtheEnglishlanguageborrowswordsfromotherlanguagesandhowforeignlanguagesaffecttheEnglishlanguageinpronunciation,word-formation,semanticsandgrammar.2.MainWays
4、thatForeignWordsInfluencetheEnglishLanguageLanguageisrarelyself-sufficient,andthemutualborrowingbetweenlanguagesisauniversalphenomenon,EnglishabsorbedalargenumberofforeignwordsfromOldEnglishtoMediaevalEnglishtomodernEnglish.Inparticularthelate16thcenturyearly17th
5、century,thespreadoftheRenaissanceinEnglandpromotedthedevelopmentofEnglishlanguagegreatly.TheabsorptionofforeignwordsgreatlyenrichedthevocabularyofEnglish.AlargenumberofloanwordsfromLatin,Greek,Italian,FrenchandotherlanguagesintegratedintoEnglish,whichmakeupforthe
6、lackofEnglishvocabulary.Italsowitnessedtheinteractionofculture,politicsandeconomybetweentheEuropeancountries.ThemainwaythatforeignwordsinfluencetheEnglishlanguageisborrowing.Itincludesdirectborrowingandindirectborrowing.2.1DirectborrowingDirectborrowingreferstoth
7、espellingandmeaningofforeignwordsborrowedintoEnglishatthesametime,thatistosaysomewordsenteredtheEnglishlanguagewithoutdistortion.Suchas,climax,index,major,minor,memorandumetc.(陆谷孙,1993:45)arealldirectlyfromtheLatin.ThewordsthatdirectlyfromItalianwordsare:design,s
8、tanza,violin,volcano,etc.Attaché(diplomaticmissionscommissioner),chargédaffairs(agency),café,coupdéta(coup)(Katamba,1993:45)arealldirectlyfromFrenchwords.2.2In
