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1、OnInfluenceofForeignWordsonEnglish1.IntroductionEnglishhasalargenumberofforeignwordsfromotherlanguages.Accordingtostatistics,aboutthree-fifthsofthetwentythousandcommonwordsinEnglishareforeignwords.ThisisinseparablefromthehistoricalconditionsofthedevelopmentofEnglish.Thehist
2、oricaldevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguageshowsthatEnglishisaheavyborrower.WhilemanywordsenterEnglishasslang,notalldo.Somewordsareadoptedfromotherlanguages;somearemixturesofexistingwords(portmanteauwords),andsomearenewcoinagesmadeofrootsfromdeadlanguages.Nomattertheorigin,though
3、,wordsseldom,ifeverareimmediatelyacceptedintotheEnglishlanguage.ThepaperillustrateshowtheEnglishlanguageborrowswordsfromotherlanguagesandhowforeignlanguagesaffecttheEnglishlanguageinpronunciation,word-formation,semanticsandgrammar.2.MainWaysthatForeignWordsInfluencetheEngli
4、shLanguageLanguageisrarelyself-sufficient,andthemutualborrowingbetweenlanguagesisauniversalphenomenon,EnglishabsorbedalargenumberofforeignwordsfromOldEnglishtoMediaevalEnglishtomodernEnglish.Inparticularthelate16thcenturyearly17thcentury,thespreadoftheRenaissanceinEnglandpr
5、omotedthedevelopmentofEnglishlanguagegreatly.TheabsorptionofforeignwordsgreatlyenrichedthevocabularyofEnglish.AlargenumberofloanwordsfromLatin,Greek,Italian,FrenchandotherlanguagesintegratedintoEnglish,whichmakeupforthelackofEnglishvocabulary.Italsowitnessedtheinteractionof
6、culture,politicsandeconomybetweentheEuropeancountries.ThemainwaythatforeignwordsinfluencetheEnglishlanguageisborrowing.Itincludesdirectborrowingandindirectborrowing.2.1DirectborrowingDirectborrowingreferstothespellingandmeaningofforeignwordsborrowedintoEnglishatthesametime,
7、thatistosaysomewordsenteredtheEnglishlanguagewithoutdistortion.Suchas,climax,index,major,minor,memorandumetc.(陆谷孙,1993:45)arealldirectlyfromtheLatin.ThewordsthatdirectlyfromItalianwordsare:design,stanza,violin,volcano,etc.Attaché(diplomaticmissionscommissioner),chargédaffai
8、rs(agency),café,coupdéta(coup)(Katamba,1993:45)arealldirectlyfromFrenchwords.2.2In
