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1、DistinguishingMetaphorsIntroductionMetaphor,asasubjectofresearch,hasenjoyedgreatpopularityamongphilosophers,stylistsandlinguistsinancienttimesaswellasinmoderndays.Differentapproacheshavebeentakentoexploreintothenatureofmetaphorandaccordinglyvaryingresultsemerget
2、hroughresearchers’constantefforts.Thispaper,thoughoflittlelength,isaventuretotakeasnapshotatthedevelopmentsofmetaphorstudyoverhistoryandfourapproaches,i.e.rhetorical,poetic,cognitiveandgrammatical,aretakenintoaccountinthispapertoprovideaninterfacethatlinksmetaph
3、orinHallidayansensewithmetaphorsfromalternativeperspectives.ArhetoricalperspectiveTherhetorical,alsocalledtheclassicalviewsinceitcanbetracedbacktoAristotle’swritingsaboutmetaphorportraysmetaphorasadeparturefromnormallanguage,effectingadecorationtoplainlanguagein
4、everydayuseandanunexpectedaestheticbeautytowritings.Inthisrespecttheaudienceisrequiredofspecialcapacitytointerpretthemetaphoricalitems.Studyofmetaphorinviewofrhetoriccontinueditswaythroughthelonghistory,andtodayitisstillapuzzlingsubjectinmodernrhetoricandstylist
5、ics.Inaddition,thisapproach,givenitsdeep-rootedinfluenceoverthepasttwothousandyearsormore,maybethemostpopularamongnon-researcherssincemetaphor,asitwere,hasbeentraditionallyviewedasafigureofspeechinvolvingameaningtransferencefromaword’sliteralmeaninginrhetoricalt
6、heory,andsoisdefinedinmostdictionaries.Thismodel,however,isoutofvogueamongtoday’slinguistsandotherresearchersaswell.Moreandmoreeffortissparedtoexaminetheroleplayedbymetaphorfromdifferentperspectivessuchaslinguistics,psychology,philosophyandotherdisciplines.Apoet
7、icperspectivePoetryhasalwaysoccupiedagreatpositionineveryculture,andmetaphorisconsideredasthemostimportantelementinpoeticproductionandissaidtohavereacheditsmostsophisticatedformsinliteraryorpoeticlanguage.WhatAristotlewastalkingaboutinhisPoeticsaboutmetaphoractu
8、allyreferstotheroleofmetaphorinwrittenlanguage,includingpoetry,butthatdoesnotbelongtowhatwecallpoeticperspectivehere.Thepoeticapproachtometaphor,oftencalledtheRomanti
