美国文学edwards & franklin

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1、ColonialAmericaEdwards&FranklinAmericanPuritanismRestoredtothe“purity”JohnCalvin,FrenchtheologianPredestinationOriginalsin&totaldepravityLimitedatonement(salvationofafew)Aschosenpeople,theyenjoyHisblessings.ThechangeofAmericancharacterTougherlifeintheWestMorepracticalandpreoccupiedwithprofits“Adoc

2、trinaireopportunist”空论机会主义：amovementofpeople,followingthesamereligion,samereverenceforthesameGod,andstrivingtowardthegoalofsocietalperfection(thus,"idealism").OptimismTheliterarysceneTheBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEdenPerfectorder&courage&confidenthopeStyle：Diaries,histories,journals,letters,commonpl

3、acebooks,travelbooks,personalliteratureContent:ServingGodorcolonialexpansionorbothForm:EnglishliterarytraditionsCalvinism加尔文主义Calvinism加尔文主义ManwasevilsincetheFallandenslavedbysin.Godwasallandwouldloveworkforman’ssalvation.AllmancoulddowastoworshiptheAlmightyandhope.The“GreatAwakening”(1730s-40s)is

4、religiousrevivals.JonathanEdwardsDeism自然神论Newton’s“PhilosophicNaturalismprincipiaMathematics”Lawsofmotion&universalgravitation万有引力Godisthecreator,butHehasleftittooperatefollowingnaturallaw.Theuniversefollowscertainphysicalandmechanicallaws.AlexanderPope,DanielDefoe,Rousseau卢梭Two-facetedtraditionof

5、AmericanPuritanismJonathanEdwardsReligiousidealismCalvinism加尔文主义PuritanidealismLastmedievalmanTheMiddleAgeAwe,preyandwaitforGod’smercyandsalvationBenjaminFranklinCommonsense&practiceDeism自然神教PuritanmaterialismBringingthecolonialeratoacloseTheAgeofEnlightenmentWorkhardforself-examination&self-impro

6、vementJonathanEdwards(1703-58)Edwards’spersonalexperienceBornintoareligiousNewEnglandfamilyGraduatesfromYalewithMABecomesaministerBringsaboutthe“GreatAwakening”DismissesfromtheofficebecauseofthereligiouscontroversyDiesofasmallpoxinoculation天花接种Edwards’sworksTheFreedomoftheWill(1754)TheGreatDoctrin

7、eofOriginalSinDefended(1758)TheNatureofTrueVirtue(1765)ThepowerofGod&thedepravityofmanMan’sneedtocommunicatewiththeHolySpirittoreceiveGod’sgraceCommentsonEdwardsLastmedievalmanInfluencedbyNewton’sideaManholdsthem