美国文学 unit1b.franklin

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1、SelectedReadingsinAmericanLiteratureUnit1BanjanminFranklin(1706-1790)theAutobiography(excerpt)TheliteratureofReasonandRevolution“TheAgeofReason”“AmericanEnlightenment”History:AmericanRevolutionConflictsbetweenAmericaandBritainoversettlements,government,taxesEconomically:Br.preventedAm.E

2、conomicdevelopmentExportrawmaterials,importfinishedgoodsPolitically:stateinsteadofcolony;taxes,norepresentativeinParliamentResultsoftheconflicts1775,Lexington,beginningoftheIndependenceWar1776,ThomasJefferson,DeclarationofIndependence1778,alliancewithFrance,turningpointforAmericanarmy177

3、8,Englisharmysurrendered1783,formalrecognitionfromBritaingovernmentTheAmericanWarofIndependencelasted8yearsfrom1775-1783Literarymovement:EnlightenmentThemilitaryvictoryformedstrongnationalistichopesforagreatnewliterature.CallforAmerica’sindependenceinliterature“Americamustbeasindependent

4、assheisinpolitics,asfamousfortheartsasforarms”In1783,NoahWebster十八世纪的两种思维模式：1.牛顿提出运动定律和万有引力学说，宇宙受一定的自然法则约束，而不受上帝控制，由此产生了自然神论。自然神论者认为上帝确实创造了宇宙万物，但上帝使万物遵循自然法则而存在。因此，崇敬上帝的最好方法就是研究上帝的作品—人类和自然界，并为人类做善事。富兰克林是这一思想的代言人。2.加尔文教的观点：万能的上帝会救赎人类，人类所作的就是崇敬上帝。爱德华是美国呼吁加尔文教的最后一人。Thespirituallifeinthecolon

5、iesduringtheperiodwastoagreatdegreemoldedbythebourgeoisEnlightenment.AmericanEnlightenmenttheAgeofReasonandRevolutiontheAgeofRationality18thCenturyLiteraturetheAgeofAmericanEnlightenment(1)OriginatedinEuropeinthe17thcenturyThespirituallifeinthecoloniesduringtheperiodwastoagreatdegreemold

6、edbythebourgeoisEnlightenment.(2)Sources:Newton’stheory;牛顿提出运动定律和万有引力学说Newton'slawsofmotionandtheoryofgravity，宇宙受一定的自然法则约束，而不受上帝控制，由此产生了自然神论。deism（自然神教派);Deist自然神论者认为上帝确实创造了宇宙万物，但上帝使万物遵循自然法则而存在。因此，崇敬上帝的最好方法就是研究上帝的作品—人类和自然界，并为人类做善事。富兰克林是这一思想的代言人。Godcreatedeverythingandletitgo.Itisuptotheh

7、umanbeingsthemselvestotakecareofthemselvesandtoruntheworld.Inordertogetoninthisworld,onehastobeindustrious,frugalandprudent.Frenchphilosophy(Rousseau,Voltaire)(3)Basicprinciples:the18th-centryAmericanEnlightenmentwasamovementmarkedbyanemphasisonrationalityratherthantradit