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1、BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)这张绿纸的学名叫“一百美元券”，有1988年版和1996年两个版本。一百美元正面头像并非美国总统，而是美国著名科学家、政治家、金融家本杰明·富兰克林的头像。此人是资本主义精神最完美的代表。I.ABriefIntroductionHewasoneofthe FoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates.Asanoted polymath(博学者),hewasaleadingauthor,printer, politicaltheorist, poli
2、tician, postmaster（邮政局长）,scientist,musician,inventor, satirist,civicactivist,and diplomat.Asascientist,hewasamajorfigureintheAmericanEnlightenmentandthe historyofphysics forhisdiscoveriesandtheoriesregarding electricity.Heinventedthe lightningrod, bifocals(双重焦点透镜
3、),the Franklinstove,acarriage odometer里程表,andtheglassarmonica玻璃口琴. Hefacilitatedmanycivicorganizations,includingafiredepartment消防队andauniversity.Franklinearnedthetitleof“TheFirstAmerican”forhisearlyandindefatigablecampaigningfor colonialunity;asanauthorandspokesm
4、aninLondonforseveralcolonies,thenasthefirst UnitedStatesAmbassadortoFrance,heexemplifiedtheemergingAmericannation.FranklinwasfoundationalindefiningtheAmericanethos（民族精神）asamarriageofthepracticalvaluesofthrift,hardwork,education,communityspirit（团体精神）,self-governin
5、ginstitutions,andoppositiontoauthoritarianismbothpoliticalandreligious,withthescientificandtolerantvaluesofthe Enlightenment.Franklin,alwaysproudofhisworkingclassroots,becameasuccessfulnewspapereditorandprinterin Philadelphia,theleadingcityinthecolonies.Hebecamew
6、ealthypublishingPoorRichard’sAlmanack。《穷理查德历书》Franklingainedinternationalrenownasascientistforhisfamousexperimentsinelectricityandforhismanyinventions,especiallythelightningrod.HeplayedamajorroleinestablishingtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandwaselectedthefirstpresid
7、entoftheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.FranklinbecameanationalheroinAmericawhenhespearheadedtheefforttohave ParliamentrepealtheunpopularStampAct印花税法案.Anaccomplisheddiplomat,hewaswidelyadmiredamongtheFrenchasAmericanministertoParisandwasamajorfigureinthedevelopmento
8、fpositive Franco-Americanrelations.Awriteraswellasastatesmanandscientist,FranklinwasoneofthemostprominentfiguresintheEnlightenmentmovement.WhileborrowingfromPu
