毕业论文外文翻译-建筑结构的成本

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1、TheCostofBuildingStructure1.IntroductionTheartofarchitecturaldesignwascharacterizedasoneofdealingcomprehensivelywithacomplexsetofphysicalandnonphysicaldesigndeterminants.Structuralconsiderationswerecastasimportantphysicaldeterminantsthatshouldbedealtw

2、ithinahierarchicalfashioniftheyaretohaveasignificantimpactonspatialorganizationandenvironmentalcontroldesignthinking.Theeconomicalaspectofbuildingrepresentsanonphysicalstructuralconsiderationthat,infinalanalysis,mustalsobeconsideredimportant.Costconsi

3、derationsareincertainwaysaconstrainttocreativedesign.Butthisneednotbeso.Ifsomethingisknownoftherelationshipbetweenstructuralandconstructivedesignoptionsandtheircostofimplementation,itisreasonabletobelievethatcreativitycanbeenhanced.Thishasbeenconfirme

4、dbytheauthors’observationthatmostenhanced.Thishasbeenconfirmedbytheauthors’observationthatmostcreativedesigninnovationssucceedundercompetitivebiddingandnotbecauseofunusualowneraffluenceasthefewpublicizedcasesofextravagancemightleadonetobelieve.Onecoul

5、devensaythatadesignerwhoistrulycreativewillproducearchitecturalexcellencewithintheconstraintsofeconomy.Especiallytoday,wefindthatthereisaneedtorecognizethateleganceandeconomycanbecomesynonymousconcepts.Therefore,inthischapterwewillsetforthabriefexplan

6、ationoftheparametersofcostanalysisandthemeansbywhichdesignersmayevaluatetheoveralleconomicimplicationsoftheirstructuralandarchitecturaldesignthinking.Thecostofstructurealonecanbemeasuredrelativetothetotalcostofbuildingconstruction.Or,sincethetotalcons

7、tructioncostisbutapartofatotalprojectcost,onecouldincludeadditionalconsiderationforland(10～20percent),financeandinterest(100～200percent),taxesandmaintenancecosts(ontheorderof20percent).Butadiscussionoftheseso-calledarchitecturalcostsisbeyondthescopeof

8、thisbook,andwewillfocusonthecostofconstructiononly.Ontheaverage,purelystructuralcostsaccountforabout25percentoftotalconstructioncosts,Thisissobecauseithasbeentraditionaltodiscriminatebetween19purelystructuralandotherso-calledarchitecturalcosts