建筑结构的造价-外文翻译

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1、TheCostofBuildingStructure1.IntroductionTheartofarchitecturaldesignwascharacterizedasoneofdealingcomprehensivelywithacomplexsetofphysicalandnonphysicaldesigndeterminants.Structuralconsiderationswerecastasimportantphysicaldeterminantsthatshouldbedealtwithinahierarchicalfashioniftheyaretohaveasi

2、gnificantimpactonspatialorganizationandenvironmentalcontroldesignthinking.Theeconomicalaspectofbuildingrepresentsanonphysicalstructuralconsiderationthat，infinalanalysis,mustalsobeconsideredimportant.Costconsiderationsareincertainwaysaconstrainttocreativedesign.Butthisneednotbeso.Ifsomethingisk

3、nownoftherelationshipbetweenstructuralandconstructivedesignoptionsandtheircostofimplementation，itisreasonabletobelievethatcreativitycanbeenhanced.Thishasbeenconfirmedbytheauthors’observationthatmostenhanced.Thishasbeenconfirmedbytheauthors’observationthatmostcreativedesigninnovationssucceedund

4、ercompetitivebiddingandnotbecauseofunusualowneraffluenceasthefewpublicizedcasesofextravagancemightleadonetobelieve.Onecouldevensaythatadesignerwhoistrulycreativewillproducearchitecturalexcellencewithintheconstraintsofeconomy.Especiallytoday,wefindthatthereisaneedtorecognizethateleganceandecono

5、mycanbecomesynonymousconcepts.Therefore,inthischapterwewillsetforthabriefexplanationoftheparametersofcostanalysisandthemeansbywhichdesignersmayevaluatetheoveralleconomicimplicationsoftheirstructuralandarchitecturaldesignthinking.Thecostofstructurealonecanbemeasuredrelativetothetotalcostofbuild

6、ingconstruction.Or，sincethetotalconstructioncostisbutapartofatotalprojectcost,onecouldincludeadditionalconsiderationforland(10〜20percent)，financeandinterest(100〜200percent),taxesandmaintenancecosts(ontheorderof20percent).Butadiscussionoftheseso-calledarchitecturalcostsisbeyondthescopeofthisboo

7、k，andwewillfocusonthecostofconstructiononly.Ontheaverage，purelystructuralcostsaccountforabout25percentoftotalconstructioncosts，Thisissobecauseithasbeentraditionaltodiscriminatebetweenpurelystructuralandotherso-calledarchitecturalcostsof