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1、土木工程外文翻译题目：高层建筑学院：兰州交通大学博文学院专业：土木工程班级：08级土木5班学号：学生姓名：指导教师：一.外文原文:TallBuildingStructureTallbuildingshavefascinatedmankindfromthebeginningofcivilization,theirconstructionbeinginitiallyfordefenseandsubsequentlyforecclesiasticalpurposes-Thegrowthinmoderntallbuildingconstruction,however,wh
2、ichbeganinthe1880s,hasbeenlargelyforcommercialandresidentialpurposes.Tallcommercialbuildingsareprimarilyaresponsetothedemandbybusinessactivitiestobeasclosetoeachother,andtothecitycenter,aspossible,therebyputtingintensepressureontheavailablelandspace.Also,becausetheyformdistinctiveland
3、marks,tallcommercialbuildingsarefrequentlydevelopedincitycentersasprestigesymbolsforcorporateorganizations.Further,thebusinessandtouristcommunity,withitsincreasingmobility,hasfuelledaneedformore,frequentlyhigh-rise,citycenterhotelaccommodations.Therapidgrowthoftheurbanpopulationandthe
4、consequentpressureonlimitedspacehaveconsiderablyinfluencedcityresidentialdevelopment.Thehighcostofland,thedesiretoavoidacontinuousurbansprawl,andtheneedtopreserveimportantagriculturalproductionhaveallcontributedtodriveresidentialbuildingsupward.Ideally,intheearlystagesofplanningabuild
5、ing,theentiredesignteam,includingthearchitect,structuralengineer,andservicesengineer,shouldcollaboratetoagreeonaformofstructuretosatisfytheirrespectiverequirementsoffunction,safetyandserviceability,andsendcing.Acompromisebetweenconflictingdemandswillbealmostinevitable.Inallbuttheveryt
6、alleststructures,however,thestructuralarrangementwillbesubservienttothearchitecturalrequirementsofspacearrangementandaesthetics.Thetwoprimarytypesofverticalload-resistingelementsoftallbuildingsarecolumnsandwalls,thelatteractingeitherindependentlyasshearwallsorinassembliesasshearwallco
7、res.Thebuildingfunctionwillleadnaturallytotheprovisionofwallstodivideandenclosespace,andofcorestocontainandconveyservicessuchaselevators.Columnswillbeprovided,inotherwiseunsupportedregions,totransmitgravityloadsand,insometypesofstructure,horizontalloadsalso.Theinevitableprimaryfunctio
8、nofth
