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1、外文资料翻译PLAINCARBONSTEELAnysteel-makingprocessiscapableofproducingaproductthathas0.05%orlesscarbon.Withthissmallamountofcarbon,thepropertiesapproachofpureironwithmaximumductilityandminimumstrength.Maximumductilityisdesirablefromthestandpointofeaseindeformationprocess
2、ingandserviceuse.Minimumstrengthisdesirablefordeformationprocessing.However,higherstrengthsthanthatobtainablewiththislowcarbonaredesirablefromthestandpointofproductdesign.Themostpracticalmeansofincreasingthestrengthisbytheadditionorretentionofsomecarbon.However,its
3、houldbefullyunderstoodthatanyincreaseofstrengthoverthatpureironcanbeobtainedonlyattheexpenseofsomelossofductility,andthefinalchoiceisalwaysacompromiseofsomedegree.Becauseofthedifficultyofcompositioncontrolortheadditionaloperationofincreasingcarboncontent,thecostofh
4、ighercarbon,higherstrengthsteelisgreaterthanoflowcarbon.PlainCarbonSteelsMostUsed.Becauseoftheirlowcost,themajorityofsteelsusedareplaincarbonsteels.Theseconsistofironcombinedwithcarbonconcentratedinthererangesclassedaslowcarbon,mediumcarbon,andhighcarbon.Withtheexc
5、eptionofmanganeseusedtocontrolsulphur,otherelementsarepresentonlyinsmallenoughquantitiestobeconsideredasimpurities,thoughinsomecasestheymayhaveminoreffectonpropertiesofthematerial.LowCarbon.Steelwithapproximately6to25pointsofcarbon(0.06%～0.25%)areratedaslowcarbonst
6、eelsandarerarelyhardenedbyheattreatmentbecausethelowcarboncontentpermitssolittleformationofhardmagnesitethattheprocessisrelativelyineffective.Enormoustonnagesoftheselowcarbonsteelsareprocessedinsuchstructuralshapesassheet,strip,rod,plate,pipe,andwire.Alargeportiono
7、fthematerialiscoldworkedinitsfinalprocessingtoimproveitshardness,strength,andsurface-finishqualities.thegradescontaining20pointsorlessofcarbonaresusceptibletoconsiderableplasticflowandarefrequentlyusedasdeep-drawnproductsormaybeusedasaductilecoreforcasehardenedmate
8、rial.Thelowlaincarbonsteelsarerealitybrazed,welded,andforged.MediumCarbon.Themediumcarbonsteels(0.25%～0.5%)containsufficientcarbonthattheymaybehe
