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1、辽宁对外经贸学院论文CHAPTERONETHEINTRODUCTIONOFDANIELDEFOEANDHISNOVEL1.1ABriefBiographyOfDefoeDanielDefoe(1660—1737),theauthorofRobinsonCrusoe,wasthoughtbymanytobethefirsttruenovelistinEnglishliterature.HewasborninLondon,theSOBofaPresbyterianbutcher.Althoughhedidnotgototheuniversity,Defoereceivedagoodedu
2、cationinoneofthebestDissentingacademies.Againsthisfather’swillofbecomingapreacher,hebecameahosiermerchantlateranddidmuchcommercialtravelinginSpain,France,HollandandItaly,andthroughlargesectionsofEngland.Hewasverygoodatrunningbusinessandby1688heownedalargewarehouse,aLondonhomeandacountryresidenc
3、e.Defoewasalsointerestedinpolitics,takingpartintheDukeofMonmouth’srebellionagainstJamesIIandnarrowlyescapedthepunishment.Mostunfortunatelyhewasforcedintobankruptcyonaccountofthedisastrouslossesinshipping.Thismadehimwonthetrustofthekingandhewasappointedasanunofficialroyaladviserontriteandotherma
4、tters.In1702DefoepublishedananonymouspamphlettheshortestwaywiththeDissenterstosatirethememberoftherightwingoftheToryPartyinahumorousway.Becauseofthis,hegotastandinthepilloryfortheedays.DefoewroteapoemHymntothepilloryandaskedhisfriendstoprintitandsharedittothepeopleinthestreetonhisfirstappearanc
5、eathisfriendstoprintitandsharedittothepeopleinthestreetonhisfirstappearanceatthepillory.Itwonthesympathyofmanypeopleforhiscourageandhumorofhisverse,buthebecamebankruptwhilehewasinprison.Aftercomingout,heissuedaperiodicalTheReviewandbecamepublisher,editor,andreporteruntil1713.Hewasavoluminouswri
6、terofpamphletsandarticlesforthejournals,buthisachievementsinthatrespectwereeclipsedbyAddisonandSteeleintheirpaperforTheTatlerandTheSpectator.Butinfact,manyofDefoe’sviewsunderlyinghislaternovelswerealreadyexpressedinTheReview.TheViewcametoallendin1713.Thenhewasputintoprisonagainforhissatiricalpa
7、mphletReasonsagainsttheProtestantsuccession,andwaspardonedbyQueenAnne.AndaftertheQueenhaddiedin1714,hewasrearrestedagainandthenwassetfreeundertheconditionthatheagreedtoworkforWhigs.’theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themax
