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1、OnhowtoimproveEnglishlisteningskillsandstrategiesCHAPTERONEINTRODUCTIONAsanimportantinternationallanguage,EnglishhasgainedincreasingattentionfromChinese.InthetraditionalELT,teachersalwaysactasabsolutecontrollers.Theimportanceoflisteningcomprehensionisself-evident.Accordingtothesurv
2、eymadebyRiversandTemperly(1978),amongthetimeanindividualisengagedincommunication,approximately9%isdevotedtowriting,16%toreading,30%tospeakingand45%tolistening[1].Asthesocietydemandsgood-for-allEnglishtalents,listeningshouldberegardedasthemostimportantinEnglishteaching.Bothteachersa
3、ndstudentsknowtheimportanceoflisteningabilityinEnglishlearning,yetthemodelofteachingandlearningstillremainthetraditionalmodel:teachersexplainortranslatenewwords,thenplaythetapeandaskthestudentstodothegivenexercises,finallyreplaythetapesentencebysentencetochecktheanswer;studentsarer
4、equiredpassivelytowritedownthemeaningofnewwordswhichmostofthemareseldomreviewedafterclass,andlistentothelisteningmaterialsoveragainandagain,withoutknowingmuchaboutlisteningskillsandstrategies.Itishardforthemtogetrealimprovementinlisteningcomprehension.15CHAPTERTWOFACTORSAFFECTINGST
5、UDENTS’ENGLISHLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION“Listeningcomprehensioncanbeaffectedbyvariousfactorswhichcanbeidentifiedasinternalandexternal.Internalfactorsrefertothelistener’scharacteristics,languageproficiencylevel,memory,age,gender,backgroundknowledgeaswellasaptitude,motivation,andpsycholo
6、gicalandphysicalfactors.Externalfactorsaremainlyrelatedtothetypeoflanguageinputandtasksandthecontextinwhichlisteningoccurs.”[2] Tosolvetheproblemsinlisteningcomprehension,teachersmustfirsthaveabetterunderstandingofthedifficultiesthatstudentsencounterintheirlistening.Manyfactorswill
7、affectthewholeprocessoflistening;firstly,wearegoingtotalkaboutthelinguisticobstacles.2.1LackofPhoneticKnowledge“Phoneticsisdefinedasthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage;itisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguages.”[3]Phoneticsiscrucialinlisteningcomprehension;relatio
8、nshipbetweenone’sphonetick
