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1、OnhowtoimproveEnglishlisteningskillsandstrategiesCHAPTERONEINTRODUCTIONAsanimportantinternationallanguage,EnglishhasgainedincreasingattentionfromChinese.InthetraditionalELT,teachersalwaysactasabsolutecontrollers.Theimportanceoflisteningcomprehensionisself-evident.Ac
2、cordingtothesurveymadebyRiversandTemperly(1978),amongthetimeanindividualisengagedincommunication,approximately9%isdevotedtowriting,16%toreading,30%tospeakingand45%tolistening[1].Asthesocietydemandsgood-for-allEnglishtalents,listeningshouldberegardedasthemostimportan
3、tinEnglishteaching.BothteachersandstudentsknowtheimportanceoflisteningabilityinEnglishlearning,yetthemodelofteachingandlearningstillremainthetraditionalmodel:teachersexplainortranslatenewwords,thenplaythetapeandaskthestudentstodothegivenexercises,finallyreplaythetap
4、esentencebysentencetochecktheanswer;studentsarerequiredpassivelytowritedownthemeaningofnewwordswhichmostofthemareseldomreviewedafterclass,andlistentothelisteningmaterialsoveragainandagain,withoutknowingmuchaboutlisteningskillsandstrategies.Itishardforthemtogetrealim
5、provementinlisteningcomprehension.15CHAPTERTWOFACTORSAFFECTINGSTUDENTS’ENGLISHLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION“Listeningcomprehensioncanbeaffectedbyvariousfactorswhichcanbeidentifiedasinternalandexternal.Internalfactorsrefertothelistener’scharacteristics,languageproficiencyle
6、vel,memory,age,gender,backgroundknowledgeaswellasaptitude,motivation,andpsychologicalandphysicalfactors.Externalfactorsaremainlyrelatedtothetypeoflanguageinputandtasksandthecontextinwhichlisteningoccurs.”[2] Tosolvetheproblemsinlisteningcomprehension,teachersmustfir
7、sthaveabetterunderstandingofthedifficultiesthatstudentsencounterintheirlistening.Manyfactorswillaffectthewholeprocessoflistening;firstly,wearegoingtotalkaboutthelinguisticobstacles.2.1LackofPhoneticKnowledge“Phoneticsisdefinedasthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage;it
8、isconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguages.”[3]Phoneticsiscrucialinlisteningcomprehension;relationshipbetweenone’sphonetick
