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1、IntroductionofChomskyandHisRelevantTheoriesBySchoolofEnglishStudiesXi’anInternationalStudiesUniversityXi’anChina2012IntroductionofChomskyandHisRelevantTheoriesAbstractAmericanLinguistic,AvramNoamChomsky,whosepositionontheworldintellectualsceneisunique,wasthel
2、eadingfigureinthe“cognitiverevolution”ofthe1950sand1960s,andhasdominatedthefieldoflinguisticseversince.Histheoryofgenerativegrammar,inanumberofdifferentformshasbeenaguideandinspirationformanylinguistcs.Hisfoundationalworkonlanguagehashadwidespreadimplications
3、notonlyforlinguisticsbutalsoforseveralotherdisciplines,mostnotablyphilosophicalandpsychology.Naturally,one’sphenomenalacademicachievementsandcontributionsmaybestronglybackedbyhiseducationalbackgroundandexperiences.Thusforabetterunderstandingofrelevantlinguist
4、ictheoriesandprinciplesofChomsky,itwouldalsobeofgreatnecessityforustobewellaquiantedwithhiseducationalbackgroundandhisearlyendevourstoconcentrateonaninternalistviewoflanguage,whichhasarguedforanalysisoflanguagebymethodologyofthenaturalsciences,andthenproceedt
5、ogiveadescriptionofhisleadinglinguistictheoriesinhisfivedevelopmentstagesofTGgrammar.KeyWords:Chomsky;UniversalGrammar;TransformationalGenerativeGrammar;BiolinguisticChapterⅠChomskyandHisPhilosophyofLanguage1.1EducationalBackgroundofChomskyBorninaJewishfamily
6、inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,in1928,Chomskywasinfluencedbyhisfather,ascholarofHebrew.HereceivedhisearlyeducationattheOakLaneCountyDaySchoolandtheCentralHighSchool,Philadelphia,andhadgivenassistancetotheproofreadingofsomegrammarbooksundertheguidanceofhisfatherf
7、romtenyearsold.InhisundergraduateyearsattheUniversityofPennsylvania,hestudiedlinguistics,mathematics,andphilosophy,andlearntthetheoriesandmethodsofstructuralismlinguisticfromhissupervisor.1951hefinishedhisdissertationentitled“HebrewGrammar”andgothisMaster’sde
8、gree.In1955,whiledoinglinguisticresearchatHarvard,hefinsihedhis“TheLogicalStructureofLinguisticTheory”andgothisPhDdegreeattheUniversityofPennsylvania.In1957,hereconstructedhisPhDdissertat
