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1、辽宁对外经贸学院论文CHAPTERONETHEINTRODUCTIONOFDANIELDEFOEANDHISNOVEL1.1ABriefBiographyOfDefoeDanielDefoe(1660—1737),theauthorofRobinsonCrusoe,wasthoughtbymanytobethefirsttruenovelistinEnglishliterature.HewasborninLondon,theSOBofaPresbyterianbutcher.Althoughhedidnotgototheuniversity,De
2、foereceivedagoodeducationinoneofthebestDissentingacademies.Againsthisfather’swillofbecomingapreacher,hebecameahosiermerchantlateranddidmuchcommercialtravelinginSpain,France,HollandandItaly,andthroughlargesectionsofEngland.Hewasverygoodatrunningbusinessandby1688heownedalargewa
3、rehouse,aLondonhomeandacountryresidence.Defoewasalsointerestedinpolitics,takingpartintheDukeofMonmouth’srebellionagainstJamesIIandnarrowlyescapedthepunishment.Mostunfortunatelyhewasforcedintobankruptcyonaccountofthedisastrouslossesinshipping.Thismadehimwonthetrustofthekingand
4、hewasappointedasanunofficialroyaladviserontriteandothermatters.In1702DefoepublishedananonymouspamphlettheshortestwaywiththeDissenterstosatirethememberoftherightwingoftheToryPartyinahumorousway.Becauseofthis,hegotastandinthepilloryfortheedays.DefoewroteapoemHymntothepilloryand
5、askedhisfriendstoprintitandsharedittothepeopleinthestreetonhisfirstappearanceathisfriendstoprintitandsharedittothepeopleinthestreetonhisfirstappearanceatthepillory.Itwonthesympathyofmanypeopleforhiscourageandhumorofhisverse,buthebecamebankruptwhilehewasinprison.Aftercomingout
6、,heissuedaperiodicalTheReviewandbecamepublisher,editor,andreporteruntil1713.Hewasavoluminouswriterofpamphletsandarticlesforthejournals,buthisachievementsinthatrespectwereeclipsedbyAddisonandSteeleintheirpaperforTheTatlerandTheSpectator.Butinfact,manyofDefoe’sviewsunderlyinghi
7、slaternovelswerealreadyexpressedinTheReview.TheViewcametoallendin1713.ThenhewasputintoprisonagainforhissatiricalpamphletReasonsagainsttheProtestantsuccession,andwas第23页辽宁对外经贸学院论文pardonedbyQueenAnne.AndaftertheQueenhaddiedin1714,hewasrearrestedagainandthenwassetfreeunderthecon
8、ditionthatheagreedtoworkforWhigs.’In1719,whenhewasalmostsixtyyearsol