国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)

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1、Unit1~2Mercantilism重商主义Tradesurplus贸易顺差Quotaandtariff配额和关税Zero-sumgame零和博弈Positive-sumgame常和博弈Thetheoryofabsoluteadvantage绝对优势理论Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage比较优势理论Factorendowments要素禀赋理论Productlifecycle产品生命周期Economiesofscale规模经济Firstmoveradvantage先占优势Barriertoentry进入(市场)壁垒Porter’sdiamond

2、theory波特的钻石理论Nationalcompetitiveadvantage国家竞争优势Thedepartmentofcommerce商务部Letterofcredit信用证Draft/billofexchange汇票billofladingB/L提单Sightdraft即期汇票Timedraft远期汇票Banker‘sacceptance银行承兑Tradeacceptance商业承兑汇票Countertrade对等贸易Barter易货贸易Switchtrading转手贸易Offset抵消Counterpurchase互购贸易Compensationtrade补偿贸

3、易1.波特钻石理论的主要内容①Factorendowments②Firmstrategy,structure,andrivalry③Demandconditions④Relatingandsupportingindustries2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点①TypesofcountertradeCountertradehasevolvedintoadiversesetofactivitiesthatcanbecategorizedasfivedistincttypesoftradingarrangements:barter,counterpurchase,offset,

4、switchtrading,andcompensationorbuyback②Theprosandconsofcountertrade优：①Themainattractionofcountertradeisthatitcangiveafirmawaytofinanceanexportdealwhenothermeansarenotavailable.②Thusifafirmisunwillingtoenterintoacountertradeagreement,itmayloseanexportopportunitytoacompetitorthatiswillingto

5、makeacountertradeagreement.缺：①Countertradecontractsmayinvolvetheexchangeofunusableorpoor-qualitygoodsthatthefirmcannotdisposeofprofitably②Inaddition,evenifthegoodsitreceivesareofhighquality,thefirmstillneedstodisposeofthemprofitably.Unit3Strategicalliance战略联盟Licensing许可证Jointventure合资经营Co

6、ntracting承包经营Partnership合资人Returnoninvestment投资回报率Franchising特许经营Contractmanufacturing生产承包Managementcontracting管理承包1.许可贸易的优缺点优：①Thebasicadvantageinlicensingascontrastedtootherapproachesistheeaseandlowcostofenteringaforeignmarket.②Licensingisalsoadvantageousinthatitcanbeusedtotestaforeignm

7、arketwithouttheriskofcapitallossshouldthemarketnotbereceptivetothemanufacturer’sproduct.缺：①Thegreatestdisadvantagestothelicensorarethatapotentialcompetitorissetup.②Thereisalackofcontroloverproductionandmarketing.③Theremaybeincompletemarketexploration.Unit4Foreigndir