文献翻译-工业机器人及其系统组成

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1、附录Industrialrobotanditssystem’componentsThereareavarietyofdefinitionsofthetermrobot.Dependingonthedefinitionused，thenumberofrobotinstallationsworldwidevarieswidely.Numeroussinglepurposemuchinesareusedinmanufacturingplantsthatmightappeartoberobots.Thesemachinesarehardwiredtoperform

2、asinglefunctionandcannotbereprogrammedtoperformadifferentfunction.Suchsingle-purposemachinesdonotfitthedefinitionforindustrialrobotsthatisbecomingwidelyaccepted.ThisdefinitionwasdevelopedbytherobotInstituteofAmerica:Arobotisareprogrammablemuanfactionalmanipulatordesignedtomovemate

3、rial，parts，tools，orspecializeddevicesthroughvariableprogrammotionsfortheperfommnceofavarietyoftasks.Notethatthisdefinitioncxmtalnsthewordsreprogrammableandmultifunctional.Itisthesetwocharacteristicsthatseparatethetrueindustrialrobotfromthevarioussingle-purposemachinesusedinmodernm

4、anufacturingfirms.ThetermHreprogrammablenimpliestwothings:Therobotoperatesareredingtoawrittenprogram，andthisprogramcanberewrittentoacconlmodatcavarietyofmanufacturingtasks.Thefirstarticulatedarmcameaboutin1951andwasusedbytheU.S.AtomicEnergyCommission.In1954，thefirstprogrammablerob

5、otwasdesignedbyGeorgeDevol.Itwasbasedontwoimportanttechnologies:(1)Numericalcontrol(NC)technology.(2)Remotemanipulationtechnology.Numericalcontroltechnologyprovidedafoamofmachinecontrolideallysuitedtorobots.Itallowedforthecontrolofmotionbystoredprograms.Theseprogramscontaindatapoi

6、ntstowhichtherobotsequentiallymoves,timingsignalstoinitiateactionandtostopmovement，andlogicstatementstoallowfordecisionfrmking.RemotemanipulationtechnologyallowedamachinetobemorethanjustanotherNCmachine.Itallowedsuchmachinestobecomerobotsthatcanperfomlavarietyofmanufactuingtasksin

7、bothinaccessibleanunsafeenvironments.Bymeringthesetwotechnologies，Devoldevelopedthefirstindustrialrobot，anunsophistieatedprogrammablematerialshandlingmachine,commerciallyproducedindustrialrobotcontrolledbyaminicomputer.Numericalcontrolandremotemanipulationtechnologypromptedthewide

8、scaledevelopmentanduseofindustria