严复等人翻译思想

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一、1、LX:LuXunisthepennameof"thechiefcommanderofChina'smodernculturalrevolution".Bornin1881inShaoxing,ZhejiangProvince,hewasfirstnamedZhouZhangshuandthenrenamedShuren(meaning"tonurtureaperson").Hisfamilywaseducatedandofthegenteelclass,butpoor.Hisfather'slongsicknessandeventualdeathduringhisadolescencepersuadedhimtotakeupmedicalscience.DistrustingTraditionalChinesemedicine,hesetouttostudyWesternizedmedicineinJapanonagovernmentscholarship.Onedayafterclass,oneofhisJapaneseinstructorsshowedalanternslidedepictinganimminentpublicexecutionofanallegedChinesespybyJapanesesoldiers,surroundedbyhisChinesecompatriots.LuXunwasshockedbytheapathyoftheChineseattheexecutionanddecidedthatitwasmoreimportanttocurehisfellow-countrymenspirituallyratherthantheirbodies.AbandoninghisstudiesandreturningtoChinain1909,hebecamealecturerinthePekingUniversityandbeganwriting.Hewrotestories,poetry,essays,literarycriticismandliteraryhistory.Heiscalled"thefatherofmodernChineseliterature"ashisfirststory"AMadman'sDiary"(takingitstitledeliberatelyfromNikolayGogol)publishedintheMay1918issueofthemagazineNewYouthisconsideredthefirststorywritteninmodernChinesewhiletheclassicChineseliteraturewerewritteninliteraryChinesedifferentfromthelanguagespokenbyeverydayfolks.Hechosetobeginwritingthewaypeopletalk,butusedthelanguageverycolorfullyandhadalargevocabulary.Hisstorieswerepublishedinliteraryjournalsofthetimeandwerethencollectedandpublishedasbooks.Hisacclaimedshortstoriesappearedinthreecollectionsbetweentheyears1923and1935.Hisfirstsetofstorieswaspublishedasthebook"CalltoArms",includingarguablyhismostcelebratedstory"TheTrueStoryofAhQ".Itdepictsanignorantfarmlaborer,aneveryman,whoexperienced,withanutterlackofself-awareness,aseriesofhumiliationsandfinallywasexecutedduringthechaosoftheRepublicanRevolutionof1911.AhQisconsideredthepersonificationofthenegativetraitsoftheChinesenationalcharacter.ThetermAhQ-ismwascoinedtosignifytheChinesepenchantfornamingdefeata"spiritualvictory"."Wandering"washissecondcollectionofstories.Histhirdcollectionofshortstorieswascalled"OldTalesRetold"inwhichheretoldoldChinesestoriesfromhisownperspective.Anothermajorworkofhisis"WildGrass",acollectionofprosepoems.Healsoproducedsixteenvolumesofessays,reminiscences,historicaltales,somesixtyclassical-stylepoems,andadozenvolumesofscholarlyresearch,andnumeroustranslations.However,heneverwroteanovel. HewasalsoaleadingfigureintheMayFourthMovement,namedforademonstrationprotestingthecontinuationofinternational sponsoredimperialisminChinaandpro-JapaneseprovisionsattheParisPeaceConference.Theprotestsledtotheriseofmodernist,sociallycriticalmovementthatflourishedonlybriefly,aboutadecade,andlatercametosymbolizeintellectualandartisticfreedom.Hewasafoundingmemberofseveralleftistorganizations.HediedfromtuberculosisonOctober19,1936.In1937,afterhis,theLuXunAcademyofArtswasestablishedattheCommunistbaseofYan'antoinstructartistsintheartofpropaganda.  MaocanonizedLuXunastheintellectualforefatheroftherevolutionandatrailblazerintheearlystrugglesoftheCommunistParty.AlthoughnotaPartymember,LuXunhasbeenconsideredatrueMarxist-Leninist.Since1949,hisnameandwritingshadbeenfrequentlyusedinthevariouspoliticalstruggles.DuringtheCulturalRevolutionhisreputationremaineduntouchedalthoughhisdisciplines,friends,andscholarssufferedfrompurges.AfterthedeathofMao,intellectualsandwritersstartedtorereadLuXun,seeinghimasananti-authoritarianindividualistandavoiceofmoralconscience.HisworksarestillwidelyreadinChinabyhighschoolstudentslikemyson.2、YanFu:YanFu(YenFu)1854-1921Translator,writerandlate-Qingreformist.BorninFujian,YanFuinitiallyreceivedaneducationintheConfucianclassics,butin1867passedtheentranceexamstothenavalacademyinFuzhou.AfterfiveyearstherelearningEnglish,modernsciencesandnavigation,hewasselectedforadvancedprofessionaltrainingoverseasin1877andattendedtheGreenwichNavalCollegefortwoyears.Onhisreturn,YanFubecameinvolvedinthereformmovement,writingessaysforvariousnewspapers.In1987,hepublishedhistranslationofapartofThomasHuxley'sEvolutionandEthicsandOtherEssays,thefirstofaseriesofimportanttranslationsYanmadeoveradecade.Inlatelife,YanwrotecommentariesontheWangBitextoftheDaodejingandZhuangzi.Healsowrotepoetryintheshiandciforms.3、LinYutang:LinYutang,whowasschooledonGulangyuandtaughtatXiamenUniversityfrom1926-1927,wasthefirstChineseauthortoreachthetopoftheNewYorkTimesbestsellerlist.PearlS.Buckhadtourgetheanxiousauthortopublishhis1935bestseller“MyCountryandmyPeople,”butLinwentontodomorethananyoneinhisgen-erationtobridgethegulfbetweenEastandWest..LinwasborntheseventhofaPresbyterianminister’seightchildreninLongxionOctober10th,1895.Likehisfather,Linreadeverythinghecouldlayhishandson.LinreturnedtotheU.S.in1936andin1959beganattendingNewYorkCity’sMadisonAvenuePresbyterianChurch.LinsettleddowninTaiwanin1966andpassedawayinMarch,1976,attheageof80.TheNewYorkTimesobituarynoted, LinYutang,poet,novelist,historianandphilosopher,hadnopeerasaninterpretertoWesternmindsofthecustoms,aspirations,fearsandthoughtsofhispeopleandtheircountry,China,thegreatandtragicland.二、TheRequirementsoftheAssignmentofEnglishLexicologyEnglishLexicology:WrittenAssignment1:RequirementsExploringEnglishNewWordstoEnhanceVocabularySkills1.Objective:Thiswrittenassignmentistoenhancethecourseparticipants’vocabularyskillsinreadingandwritingwhiletheyareexploringnewwordsinreadingalatestEnglishnewsreportorasectionofanEnglishwork.2.Task:Acasestudyof3to6Englishnewwords.3.Outcome:AreportofthecasestudyofEnglishnewwords.Thisreportisrequiredtoconsistoffiveparts.Theyare(1)Titleofthework,(2)Sourceofthework,(3)Selectedtextofthework,(4)Analysisofthenewwordstakenfromthework,and(5)Resourcesusedinanalysis.4.Procedures:1)Findoutyourassignmentpartnerstoworkasgroupsof3to6members.Electangroupcoordinatorforthegroupwork.2)ThemembersofeachgroupselectanewsreportfromaprestigiousnewspaperormagazineontheInternetorfromanEnglishnewspaper.3)Themembersofeachgroupdecidethethreenewwordsforanalysis.4)Thegroupmemberscollectdataandworkontheanalysisofthenewwordsindividually.5)EachgroupputstheindividualworktogetherandrevisesthewholewrittentextcollectivelytocompletethefinaldraftofthewrittenassignmentinaWordfileorwrittenonpaper.6)Thegroupcoordinatorssendthefileofthefinishedassignmenttotheinstructor’semailboxwbh511@163.comorhandittohimdirectlyinclass.5.Sample:TobepresentedinaseparateWordfile.(See:吴本虎作业1英语词汇学（样本）.doc)EnglishLexicology:WrittenAssignment1(ASample)School:YangtzeNormalUniversityClass(es):English05-1,(English05-3)Groupmembers:WuBenhu(吴本虎200503011499);…ExploringEnglishNewWordstoEnhanceVocabularySkills1）.Titleofthework:CancerFreeatAge33,butWeighingaMastectomy 2）.Sourceofthework:NewYorkTimesSeptember16,20073）.Selectedtextofthework:NewYorkTimesSeptember16,2007Content4）.Analysisofthenewwordstakenfromthework.5）.Resourcesusedinanalysis:Etc.6、Timedue:Sept.24forClasses1,2,and4andSept.28forClass3.