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1、一、1、LX:LuXunisthepennameof"thechiefcommanderofChina'smodernculturalrevolution".Bornin1881inShaoxing,ZhejiangProvince,hewasfirstnamedZhouZhangshuandthenrenamedShuren(meaning"tonurtureaperson").Hisfamilywaseducatedandofthegenteelclass,butpoor.Hisfather'slongsick
2、nessandeventualdeathduringhisadolescencepersuadedhimtotakeupmedicalscience.DistrustingTraditionalChinesemedicine,hesetouttostudyWesternizedmedicineinJapanonagovernmentscholarship.Onedayafterclass,oneofhisJapaneseinstructorsshowedalanternslidedepictinganimminen
3、tpublicexecutionofanallegedChinesespybyJapanesesoldiers,surroundedbyhisChinesecompatriots.LuXunwasshockedbytheapathyoftheChineseattheexecutionanddecidedthatitwasmoreimportanttocurehisfellow-countrymenspirituallyratherthantheirbodies.Abandoninghisstudiesandretu
4、rningtoChinain1909,hebecamealecturerinthePekingUniversityandbeganwriting.Hewrotestories,poetry,essays,literarycriticismandliteraryhistory.Heiscalled"thefatherofmodernChineseliterature"ashisfirststory"AMadman'sDiary"(takingitstitledeliberatelyfromNikolayGogol)p
5、ublishedintheMay1918issueofthemagazineNewYouthisconsideredthefirststorywritteninmodernChinesewhiletheclassicChineseliteraturewerewritteninliteraryChinesedifferentfromthelanguagespokenbyeverydayfolks.Hechosetobeginwritingthewaypeopletalk,butusedthelanguageveryc
6、olorfullyandhadalargevocabulary.Hisstorieswerepublishedinliteraryjournalsofthetimeandwerethencollectedandpublishedasbooks.Hisacclaimedshortstoriesappearedinthreecollectionsbetweentheyears1923and1935.Hisfirstsetofstorieswaspublishedasthebook"CalltoArms",includi
7、ngarguablyhismostcelebratedstory"TheTrueStoryofAhQ".Itdepictsanignorantfarmlaborer,aneveryman,whoexperienced,withanutterlackofself-awareness,aseriesofhumiliationsandfinallywasexecutedduringthechaosoftheRepublicanRevolutionof1911.AhQisconsideredthepersonificati
8、onofthenegativetraitsoftheChinesenationalcharacter.ThetermAhQ-ismwascoinedtosignifytheChinesepenchantfornamingdefeata"spiritualvictory"."Wandering"washissecondcollectionofstories.H
