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1、-一、1、LX:LuXunisthepennameof"thechiefcommanderofChina'smodernculturalrevolution".Bornin1881inShaoxing,ZhejiangProvince,hewasfirstnamedZhouZhangshuandthenrenamedShuren(meaning"tonurtureaperson").Hisfamilywaseducatedandofthegenteelclass,butpoor.Hisfather
2、'slongsicknessandeventualdeathduringhisadolescencepersuadedhimtotakeupmedicalscience.DistrustingTraditionalChinesemedicine,hesetouttostudyWesternizedmedicineinJapanonagovernmentscholarship.Onedayafterclass,oneofhisJapaneseinstructorsshowedalanternslid
3、edepictinganimminentpublicexecutionofanallegedChinesespybyJapanesesoldiers,surroundedbyhisChinesecompatriots.LuXunwasshockedbytheapathyoftheChineseattheexecutionanddecidedthatitwasmoreimportanttocurehisfellow-countrymenspirituallyratherthantheirbodies
4、.AbandoninghisstudiesandreturningtoChinain1909,hebecamealecturerinthePekingUniversityandbeganwriting.Hewrotestories,poetry,essays,literarycriticismandliteraryhistory.Heiscalled"thefatherofmodernChineseliterature"ashisfirststory"AMadman'sDiary"(takingi
5、tstitledeliberatelyfromNikolayGogol)publishedintheMay1918issueofthemagazineNewYouthisconsideredthefirststorywritteninmodernChinesewhiletheclassicChineseliteraturewerewritteninliteraryChinesedifferentfromthelanguagespokenbyeverydayfolks.Hechosetobeginw
6、ritingthewaypeopletalk,butusedthelanguageverycolorfullyandhadalargevocabulary.Hisstorieswerepublishedinliteraryjournalsofthetimeandwerethencollectedandpublishedasbooks.Hisacclaimedshortstoriesappearedinthreecollectionsbetweentheyears1923and1935.Hisfir
7、stsetofstorieswaspublishedasthebook"CalltoArms",includingarguablyhismostcelebratedstory"TheTrueStoryofAhQ".Itdepictsanignorantfarmlaborer,aneveryman,whoexperienced,withanutterlackofself-awareness,aseriesofhumiliationsandfinallywasexecutedduringthechao
8、softheRepublicanRevolutionof1911.AhQisconsideredthepersonificationofthenegativetraitsoftheChinesenationalcharacter.ThetermAhQ-ismwascoinedtosignifytheChinesepenchantfornamingdefeata"spiritualvictory"."Wandering"washissecondcollectionofstories.
