副词和副词词组

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1、副词和副词词组副词和形容词一样，也是在句中主要作修饰成分，所不同的是，副词（词组）可以修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等；副词词组主要在句中作状语(Adverbial)，表示时间、地点、方式等意义。按词的构成，副词可以分为简单副词（SimpleAdverb)和派生副词(DerivativeAdverb)。绝大部分副词都是派生副词，由形容词加后缀-ly构成，如：careful/carefully,angry/angrily等。当然也有少数副词由单词素构成，这些副词与形容词同形，如：early,late,fast,hard等。按词汇意义，副词可以分为：方式副词(AdverbofMan

2、ner)，如：angrily,happily,rudely,politely,quickly等。程度副词(AdverbofDegree)，如：almost,greatly,nearly,completely等。时间副词(AdverbofTime)，如：already,before,early,late,finally,now,recently,tomorrow,soon等。频度副词(AdverbofFrequency)，如：always,constantly,frequently,hardlyever,never等。地点副词(AdverbofPlace)，如：above,be

3、low,up,down,here,there,anywhere,everywhere等。连接副词(ConjunctiveAdverb)，如：therefore,however,moreover,thus等。解说副词(ExplanatoryAdverb)，如：as,namely等。1.副词和副词词组的主要用法副词（词组）的主要句法功能是在词组中和句中作修饰成分。1）副词在词组中作修饰语副词能在动词词组、形容词词组、副词词组、介词词组等词组中修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、限定词，以及修饰整个名词词组。a)修饰动词Theycompletelyignoredmyviews.Ienti

4、relyagreewithher.Iratherlikehim.Theycanhardlyignoreourviews.Shekindof(有点)hopedtobeinvited.Isortof(有点)thoughtyoumightsaythat.b)修饰形容词Thatwasaveryfunnyfilm.Hehadanunusuallydeepvoice(深沉有力的嗓音).Twomenwereinthestreet,oneofwhomseemedslightlyfamiliar.IwasthathungryIcouldhaveeatenahorse.I’mfeelingkin

5、doftired.c)修饰副词She’saclevergirl,andhaslearntthenewworkveryquickly.Hedrivesextremelycarefully.Doitrightnow.Hespokesortofproudly.副词的上述用法都是前置修饰语，只有enough例外，作后置修饰语：Shecookswellenough.Hedidn’trunfastenough.修饰介词和连词少数几个副词(如well,right,just,soon等)也可用于修饰介词：Ican’treachit;it’swell(远远地)overmyhead.Therei

6、sthehouse,rightinfrontofyou.Hisparentsaredead(完全地)againstthetrip.也可修饰连词：Justwhen/Soonafterweleftthehouse,itstartedtorain.修饰限定词某些程度副词可以作前置修饰语修饰限定词。Wewalkedabout5miles.TherewerequitealotofpeopleatLouis’sparty.Virtually(差不多)allthestudentsparticipatedinthediscussion.Theyrecoveredroughly(大约)half

7、theirequipment.Ididn’thavemorethanadollaronme.类似的用法还有：exactlythesame,muchthesame等。Thismachineisexactlythesameindesignastheotherone.Theydiditinmuchthesameway.修饰名词和整个名词词组在非正式语体中，少数几个(如：quite,rather等)程度副词能作前置修饰语，置于限定词之前修饰整个名词词组。Ittakesquitesometime.That’squ