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ID:20752262
大小:2.11 MB
页数:116页
时间:2018-10-15
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1、肿瘤分子生物学ThemolecularbasisofcancerJingboXiong,Ph.D.Definitionofcancer---byclinicalworkers临床定义:是一类以生长不受控制、侵入周围组织并向身体其它部位转移为特征的疾病的总称;三个特征:生长不受控制;威胁生命难以治愈Definitionofcancer---bylaboratoryworkersCancerisadisorderthatoccursatacellularlevelCanceroccurswhengeneticalterationsresultintheunregulatedprol
2、iferationofcells;Cancer,tumor,neoplasmBenignTumortypicaloftissueoforiginSlowrateofgrowthSlowlyprogressive;NotfatalifuntreatedEncapsulatedgrowthNotissuedestructionRarerecurrencePoorprognosisonlyifunabletoremoveMalignantTumoratypicaloftissueoforiginSloworrapidrateofgrowthUsuallyprogressive;Fat
3、alifuntreatedGrowthbyinfiltrationormetastasisTissuedestructioniscommonRecurrenceiscommonFatalprognosisifuncontrolled转化细胞的特征decreasedgrowthfactorrequirementslossofcapacityforgrowtharrest-transformedcellswillcontinuetodivideevenwhennutrientsarelimited(immortalization)lossofdependenceonanchorag
4、eforgrowth-canformcolonieswhensuspendedassinglecellsinagarchangedcellmorphologylossofcontactinhibitionCauseofcancerEnvironmentalagentschemicalsradiationvirusesInheritedGeneticbasistumorisclonalexpansionofsingleprogenitorcellthathasgeneticdamageTargetsofgeneticdamageGrowthpromotingproto-oncog
5、enesmutantallelesareconsidereddominanttransformcellsdespitenormalcounterpartonlyneedonemutantalleletodevelopcancerGrowthinhibitingcancersuppressorgenes—anti-oncogenesalsoknownasrecessiveoncogenesbothnormalallelesmustbedamagedtodevelopcancerGenesthatregulateapoptosismaybedominantorrecessiveGe
6、nesthatregulaterepairofdamagedDNAcellisnotabletorepairnon-lethaldamagetoDNAex.XPSignaltransducerCellcycleregulatorOncogeneandtumorsuppressorgeneOncogene:alsocalledcancer-promotinggenesortransforminggenes.Agenethatnormallydirectscellgrowth.Ifaltered,anoncogenecanpromoteorallowtheuncontrolledg
7、rowthofcancer.Alterationscanbeinheritedorcausedbyanenvironmentalexposuretocarcinogens.tumorsuppressorgene:Genesthatnormallyrestraincellgrowthbut,whenmissingorinactivatedbymutation,allowcellstogrowuncontrolled.OncogenesviraloncogeneAgeneintheviralge
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