儿童期疾患ppt课件

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1、PowerPointLectureNotesPresentationDisordersofChildhood兒童期疾患1Copyright2005JohnWiley&Sons,NYClassificationandDiagnosisofChildhoodDisorders兒童期疾患的分類和診斷Developmentalpsychopathology發展的心理病理學Studiesdisordersofchildhoodwithinthecontextofnormalchilddevelopment在正常兒童發展的背景脈絡下研究兒童期的疾患Externalizingdisord

2、ers外化性疾患Characterizedbyoutwardbehaviors以外化性的行為為其特性Noncompliance,aggressiveness,overactivity,impulsiveness不服從,攻擊,過動,衝動Morecommoninboys在男孩較普遍Internalizingdisorders內化性疾患Characterizedbyinwardbehaviors以向化的行為為其特性Depression,anxiety,socialwithdrawal憂鬱,焦慮,社會退縮Morecommoningirls在女孩較普遍2Copyright2005Joh

3、nWiley&Sons,NYTable14.1ChaptersWhereDisordersareDiscussedThatOccurinBothChildrenandAdults在兒童和成人身上皆會發生的疾患章節3Copyright2005JohnWiley&Sons,NYAttentionDeficit/HyperactivityDisorder注意力不足/過動疾患Excessivelevelsofactivity過多的活動Fidgeting,squirming,runningaroundwheninappropriate,incessanttalking不安,扭動,不恰當

4、的走動,不停的說話Distractabilityanddifficultyconcentrating分心和有困難集中Makescarelessmistakes,can’tfollowinstructions,forgetful粗心犯錯,不能聽從指令,健忘Mustbesevereandpersistent必須嚴重且持續Presentforatleast6monthsandcauseimpairmentsinfunctioning持續至少六個月並產生功能的受損4Copyright2005JohnWiley&Sons,NYAttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity

5、Disorder注意力不足/過動疾患ThreesubcategoriesinDSM-IV-TR在DSM-IV-TR中可分為三個亞型：Predominantlyinattentivetype主要為不注意型Predominantlyhyperactive-impulsivetype主要為過動-易衝動型Combinedtype複合型Differentialdiagnosis鑑別診斷ADHDorConductDisorder?注意力不足過動疾患或品性疾患？ADHD注意力不足過動疾患Moreoff-taskbehavior,cognitive&achievementdeficits較多

6、無法達成工作的行為,認知和成就上缺陷ConductDisorder品行疾患Moreaggressive,actoutinmostsettings,antisocialparents,familyhostility較多攻擊性,常出現動作外化行為,反社會性父母,家人敵意5Copyright2005JohnWiley&Sons,NYEtiologyofADHD注意力不足過動疾患的病因學Perinatalandprenatalfactors出生前後和產前因素Lowbirthweight出生體重低Maternaltobaccoandalcoholuse母親吸菸和酒精使用Environm

7、entaltoxins環境毒素FoodadditivesandsugarnotrelatedtoADHD食品添加物和糖與注意力不足過動疾患沒有相關Nicotinefrommaternalsmoking來自母親吸煙所產生尼古丁Maydamagedopaminergicsysteminfetus可能損害胎兒多巴胺內生性系統8Copyright2005JohnWiley&Sons,NYEtiologyofADHD注意力不足過動疾患的病因學PsychologicalFactors心理因素Ineffectivep