中西方酒文化差异及其原因探析.doc

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AnalysisofChineseandWesternCulturalDifferencesandtheReasonsforWineAuthor：LanXiaoyongAbstract：Thewine，whichplaysanimportantroleinthedailylife,isfamiliartohumanbeings.People’slifebecomescolorfulwithit.Regardingtothewineculture,thereexistsdifferencebetweenChinaandthewesterncountries.Duingtothelivingenvironment,historicalbackground,values,thinkingpatternsanddifferencesineducation,therearemanydifferentstyles,avarietyofnationalidentitybetweeneasternandwesterncountriesinwinecultures.CulturaldifferencesareimportantfactorwhichrestricttocommunicationbetweenChineseandforeigners.OwningalittleknowledgeofWesternculture,orlackingthenecessaryunderstandingoftheeasternandwesterncountriesinwineculturesthePeoplewillencountermanyproblemsduringtheircommunicationprocess,evenmoreitwillcausemisunderstandingsoranawkwardpositionamongpeople.Therefore,understandingthedifferencesbetweendifferentcultures,inparticular,understandingthedifferencesbetweenchineseandwesternwineculturewillcontributetopeopletohavethesmoothconducttionaboutcross-culturalcommunication.Italsohasacertainpracticalsignificancetotheforeignculturalexchanges.Also,itconformstothehistoricaltrendofdevelopment,andthegeneralrequirementsofbuildingaharmonioussociety.KeyWordschineseandwestern,wineculture,differencesinperformance,thereasons  中西方酒文化差异及其原因探析作者：蓝小荣摘要：我们对于酒是非常熟悉的，酒在人们的日常生活中起着不可替代的作用，有了它人们的生活变的多姿多彩。关于酒文化，由于生活环境、历史背景、价值观念、思维模式和教育的差异等的不同,中西方甚至国与国之间的酒文化呈现出风格迥异、丰富多彩的民族特性。文化差异是制约中国人与外国人进行交流的重要因素。对于中西方文化知之甚少或是缺乏必要了解，在交际过程中就会遇到许多问题，甚至造成误解或使双方处于尴尬境地。因此，了解不同文化之间的差异，特别是了解中西方酒文化的差异有助于跨文化交际的顺利进行，对中外文化交流有一定的现实意义。同时，也顺应了历史的潮流，符合构建和谐社会的总体要求。关键词:中西方，酒文化，差异表现，原因 Contents1.Introduction……………………………………………………….…………………..12.TheReviewofWineCultrueofChineseandWesternCountries….………………………….…………..12.1TheDefinitionofWineCulture……………………………………….…………..22.2ResearchResultsofWineCultrueatHomeandBroad……………………………………….………………..23.SpecificPerformanceofDifferentWineCultureBetweenChinaandWestern………………………..43.1ChineseandWesternDifferencesinTermsRelatingtoWine…………………………………………..43.2DifferencesinDrinkingHabitsBetweenChineseandWesternCountries……………………………………………………………………….63.3DifferencesDrinkingEtiquetteBetweenChineseandWesternCountries…………………………………………………………………………………73.3.1Chinesedrinkingetiquette……………………………………………………………………………73.3.2Westerndrinkingetiquette…………………………………………………………………………..83.3.3TheTypesofWineinWestern………………………………………………………………83.4DifferencesDrinkingPurposesBetweenChineseandWesternCountries…………………………………………………………….93.4.1TheWestistodrinkforwine.………………………………………………………..93.4.2Chinesewineisusedasatoolofcommunication.……………………………………………..9.4.ReasonsCausedtheDifferencesofWineCultureBetweenChineseandWesternCountries ………………………………………..104.1DifferencesinPeople'sWayofThinkinginCineseandWstern…………………………………….104.2PerspectiveofDifferencesinChineseValuesandWesternValue…11…………….4.3DifferencesinCulturalPatterns……………………………………………………………………..125.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..13References………………………………………………………………………………..14Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………11 1.IntroductionThewineasanobjectivesubstanceintheworldisintheshapeofwaterbutithasthecharacteroffire.Itwillbrightenthebrightandfoolthefool.People,suchastheemperors,theheroes,theliberators,theordinarypeople,thebeggarsandthelike,alllikeitsinceitappeared.PeoplenomatterinChinaorinwesterncountriesallhavethehabitofdrinkingwine.Theyregarddrinkingwineasanindispensablepartoflife.Chinesecivilizationrunalonghistory,Westerncultureisfulloffantastic.Especiallythewinecultureofchineseandwesterncountrieswhichisathemethatisworthyofinvestigatingduringtheculturalexchangebetweenchineseandwesternpeople.Today'sworldisanintertwinedorcommunicatewitheachotherworld.Asthedevelopmentofeconomy,thecommunicationbetweenchineseandwesterncountriescontinuestobemoreandmorecloser.However,facingtotheproblemthattheculturaldifferenceshavebroughtmanyobstaclestopeoplefromdifferentethnicandalsowillaffectoureffectivecommunicationandcooperation.Especiallytodayistheeraofetiquette,differentcustomsordifferentcultureswillbringsomepeopleintoCommunicationembarrassment.Therefore,asonepartofchineseandwesternculturaldifferences,chineseandwesternculturaldifferencesofwineisworthyofustoexplore.Understandingthedifferencesbetweenchineseandwesternwineculturewillhelpustounderstandtheunderlyingcausesofthesedifferencesbetter.YetanobviouspointinthisessayisthatIeitherputmyeffortonthechineseandwesternculturaldifferencesofwineormakeatheanalysisofcausesofthisdifferences.Theprincipalmethodusedinthisessayiscontrastiveanalysis,becausecontrastisoneimportantandeffectiveapproachtogettheessenceoftwosimilarmatters.Thewholethesisismadeupoffiveparts.Besidesintroductionandconclusion,theotherthreepartsarethebodyandsoulofthethesis.Theintroductionmainlyintroducesthepurposeofthethesis,itsfocusandangle,itswritingmethod,etc.Thesecondpartisthereviewofwinecultrueofchineseandwesterncountries.Thethirdpart,thecoreoftheessayconcentratesontheanalysisofdifferencesbetweenchineseandwesterncountries.Afterit,thefourthpartmainlydiscussestheunderlyingcausesofthesedifferences.Atlast,aconclusionisdrawnnaturallyinthefifthpart.1 2.TheReviewofWineCultrueofChineseandWesternCountries2.1TheDefinitionofWineCultureTheso-calledwineculture,generallyreferstothewineasthecontentandyetgoesbeyondtheconcretedescriptionofthewinerisetotheculturaldimensionandspiritualdimensionsofaparticularculturalpatterns.Tosumup,wineculturereferstowineproductionandconsumptionintheprocessofthematerialandspiritualandculturalachievementsofthegeneral.AsChina'speople'smaterialandculturalstandardoflivingandtheimplementationofsustainabledevelopmentstrategies,thetraditionalwinecultureintheconsumptionofnon-sustainabilityoftheperformancewasevenmoreprominent.Wineisacarrierofculture,winecultureismainlytwothings:First,theirownuniquewinestyleandmood,filledwithauniqueaestheticandculturalloadofthingsandspread,whichiswine'sownbodyculture;Second,duingtothewonderfultasteandenjoymentofwine,therewillbeanumberofprofessionalevaluationandindustrymantra,andgraduallyspreadtograduallyleftsomeinhistoryhavea"favorableclimatic.2.2ResearchResultsofWineCultrueatHomeandBroadWinepervadesthewholehistoryofChinafivethousandyearsofcivilization,wineandculturaldevelopmentisessentiallycarriedoutconcurrently.ConfuciancultureisthecoreofChina'swineculture.Chinesepeopletendtospiritualdimensionsofalcoholandgiveitalotofemotion.InChina,theconceptofwinecultureisawell-knowneconomist,ProfessorYuXianyuanfirstputforward.WineCulturenarrowsensereferstothemindsofordinaryconsumersofwineculture,multi-fingereddrinkingetiquette,customs,anecdote,anecdotes,etc.SincelongtimeagoChinahadhavethestoriesaboutDuKangwhoinventedthemethodofbrewingwine.Alegendinwesterncountriesabouttheoriginofwineisalsospread.Thewineculturewasgraduallyformedaftertheappearementofwine.Thephrase"thewineculture"isputforwardbytherenownedeconomistprofessorLiinChina.In1994,Xiaojiachengsaidthatthewineculturereferredtotheintegrationofmaterial,technical,spiritual,custom,psychological,andbehaviorphenomenonwhichgeneratedaroundthecenter.Whileweprideourselvesonthelonghistoryofwine1 cultureweonlytofindthatwedependexcessivelyonthetraditionalwineculture.Chinesepeople'sspiritualdimensionofalcoholtendtoalotofemotional.InWesterneyes,thewineisaspecialkindofart,hasacharmandlife.Thefaceoflife'sbusyandhelplessness,lamentedtheshortandtheimpermanenceoflife,onlythelatterisdrink,theHeavysoulwasabletocomfortamoment,fragilehumanitywasabletotemporaryrelief..ButthereisnodevelopmentandprogresswithoutinnovationaboutAnalysisofchineseandwesternculturaldifferencesandthereasonsforwine.AndIthinkthatfromsomeotherperspectiveAnalysisofculturaldifferencesbetweenchineseandwesternwinesmorerealistic.Chinese"wine"thesewordsalmostinvolveallaspectsofhumansociallife.TheformationanddevelopmentofthesewordsreflecttheinteractionandmutualpenetrationboththelanguageandculturalTheyalsotransmissandexpressthecustomsandpsychologicaloftheChinesepeopleusingalcohol.Atthispoint,theWesternpeopleusingwinewordsseemsabitmonotonous,sotherearedifferencesbetweenchineseandwesternwinewords.ApartfromwinewordsembodythecharacteristicsofChina'swineculture,theculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternwinesisalsoreflectedinthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndrinkingetiquette,andthecustomofdrinkingaswellasdifferencesindrinkingpurpose.Thisseriesdifferencereflectsthatpeople'swayofthinking,values,cognitivestyles,behaviorpatterns,andotherculturalmindsettheperiodoftimeinchineseandwestern.Thesealsoinsinuatethedeepmeaningofchineseculture.Preciselybecausethisdeepmeaningofwineculturewhichhasledtoahugedifferencetochineseandwesterncountries,andthesedifferenceswillbeaseriousobstacletotheexchangeofchineseandthewesterncountries.Therefore,fromabovethreeaspectstounderstandculturaldifferencesofwesternwinewillhelpusmoreclearlyawareoftherealreasonsofculturaldifferencesofwesternwine.Onlyifwerecognizethedifferencesofwesternwineandthereasons,willtheexchangeofpeoplefromChinaandWesternbecomeincreasinglysmoother,morefriendlyandfrequentcontactsTherefore,basingonseveralaspects,thispaperwillanalysisculturedifferencesandthereasonsofwine,sothatchineseandesternculturecanbebetterunderstoodandcommunicated,thefriendlyexchangesbetweenChineseandWesternwillhavea1 realisticandpositivesignificance.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,countriesaroundtheworldcontactclosely.Chineseandwesternscholarshaveincreasinglyfocusedontheculturaldifferencesbetweenchineseandwesternstudies,italsoincludesChineseandWesternwineculturestudies.ismorecomprehensiveandsystematicstudyandinterpretationoncultureofwineshouldbestartedfromthecontemporary."Chinesepeopleandalcohol"(ChinaBusinessPress,1988)whicheditedbyXiaJiajuninabook,themainpoweristotheChinesewine,wineGermany,Jordanmethodofdrinking,andexplaintherelationshipbetweendrinkingandlongelife."Chinesewineculture"(XinhuaPress,1993)writtenbyDujinghuashowstherelationshipbetweenwinesocialfromtheculturaldimensioninallaspectsofsocialties.Suchasthewineandreligionandritual,alcoholandpoliticalanddiplomatic,wineandemotion,emotional,wineandChineseliterature,wineandculturalpractices,wineandculturalentertainment,wineandethnicminorities,etc."ChinesewinecultureGrandView"(GuangxiUniversityforNationalitiesPress,2001)editedbyLuoqiRong,HoMan-Danthesamename,elaboratingthehistoryofwine,winenamethesource,wine,restaurants,JiuQi,winecurtains,wine,Jiuling,alcoholwinevulgar,poetsrecitedwine,winedrinkersandwinethings,winetheory,wine,etc.,showingallaspectsofwineandculturalcharacteristics.Journalsandpapersontheliquorculture,alotofresearchhavebeenmadeatdifferentlevelsandindifferentangles,therearemanyarticlesrelatetotheauthor’spaper.Forexample,in2008NerMongoliaUniversitygraduatestudentZhangLiissuedanarticle"Wineandculturalcharacteristicsofthetypeofwords,".Thisarticleisaresearchandanalysisfromalinguisticpointtoviewthesourceofthewordwine,aswellasourculturalcharacteristiticsofChinesewine.WanXiao-Yan"Fromthecross-culturalcommunicationperspectivewiththeWestwineculture,"understandingprimarilyofwinecultureofchineseandWesternfromcross-culturalcommunication.Yangnaiji,"ComparisonofwinecultureintheWest,"thisarticlestartswithadifferentwayofdrinkingfromchineseandWesterntorevealseveralaspectsofwineculture.betweenchineseandWestern.Theaboveresearchshowstheculturaldifferencesbetweenchineseandwesternintherichwineculture,andlaysafoundationforfurtherresearchofwineculturebetweenandwestern.Relativeterms,therearenotmanyresultsfromthelinguisticandculturalpointofviewofcombining.Moreover,inmanyresearchresultsthere1 arefewscholarswhoAnalysisthesedifferencesfromtheunderlyingcausesofthesedifferencescaused.Therefore,thisarticleanalysisthereasonscausedbyin-depthforthesedifferencesbasingonchineseandwesternculturaldifferencesofwine.Ibelievethatthiswillhavesomepositivemeaningfortheanalysisofchineseandwesternculturalofwine.3.SpecificPerformanceofDifferentWineCultureBetweenChinaandWestern3.1ChineseandWesternDifferencesinTermsRelatingtoWineAnykindofculturalphenomenonwillmustaffectpeople'slanguageandvocabulary.Throughoutthehorizontalandtheentiresociety'swineculture,therearealargenumberofaccumulationinChinesevocabulary.Asafoodculturealcoholinancienttimeshasformedakindofetiquettewhicheveryonemustobserve,anditalsopenetrateintopoliticalsystem,ethics,weddingsandfunerals,customsandotheraspects,formingalotofpractice.Wine-relatedtermswhichreflectthecustomsofwine,includingcustomwinewords,winedrinkingcustomsofwordsandphrasessuchasactsofcourtesy.Inthehistoryofhumansocietyformedbyanumberofpractices,suchasreligiouspractices,marriagecustoms,hospitalitycustoms,attheageoffestivalcustomsandceremoniescustoms,almostallcannotbedonewithoutalcohol,buttheyalsotendtoformsomeofspecializedcustomwine.suchastoreflectsignificantholidaydrinkingcustomsofthewordsare:AtthebeginningoftheNewYear,thewholefamilyoftheancientshavetodrink"Tosowine",alcoholconsumption,thesmallTaiturntodrink.Itissaidthatpeopledrinkthiswinecanavoidevil.Mid-AutumnFestivalpeoplewilldrink"sweet-scentedosmanthuswine."ChongYangFestivaltodrink,"chrysanthemumwine."NewYear'sEvetodrinkthe"annualwine",thatis,NewYear'sEveNighteatingdinnerwhenyoudrinkthewine.DragonBoatFestivaltodrink,"GongPuwine",thatisthewineimpregnatedwithGePo,withfiercetroublepullingorcuringandacceptinggeelyfunction.Hanipeoplehavetodrink"NewValleywine"beforetheautumn1 harvest.Beforeannualharvest,peopleliveinthevicinityofYuanjiangHani,accordingtotraditionpractices,mustholdanabundanceof"drinkingthenewValleywine"ceremonyinordertocelebratebumpergrainharvestandhumanandanimalsafe.Reflectingthedrinkingcustomsofmarriage,thewordsare:"Weddingbanquet",asynonymforthewedding,theweddingbanquetthatmeansconcernandpreparetheweddingGoingtodrinktheweddingbanquet,whichismeantoattendthewedding.Customsofeverydaylifeinotherwordsare:thechildwasborn,todrink,"FullMoonWine","HundredDayswine","Sendwine";totheelderlybirthdaytodrink,"Shouwine";intheprocessofruralChinatobuildahousetodrink,"onthebeamWine"and"enteredthehouseWine";storeopeningtobeconcernandpreparation,"openwine","dividendswine";haveafriendwhotravels,youwanttohold"showtheirwine",alsoknownas"offwine"andsoon.IntheAba-offdrinkingcustoms,peoplealsocreateawiderangeofexpressioninthenameofthewinecustoms,suchas"thewelcomingwine",'.Thankyouwine","afarewellwine","Partingwine",andsoon.Bycontrast,thewestontermsofwinenotsoenriched.Inwesterncountries,eveniftheyalsohaveanumberoffestivalsorcustomsofmanypeoplesactivities,theydonotregardtheseactivitiesandalcoholtogether.Evenifaparticularholidayalcohol-related,itdoesnotusealcoholasasynonymfortheholiday.InChina,peoplegotosomeone'swedding,theydonotsaytheygotothewedding.Onthecontrary,theysay,"drinktheweddingbanquet."ButtheWesternersdidnotsay"drinktheweddingbanquet,"theyjustsay"wedding."3.2DifferencesinDrinkingHabitsBetweenChineseandWesternCountriesSeveralmajorChinesefestivaloftheyearhaveacorrespondingdrinkingactivities,suchastheDragonBoatFestivaldrink"calamuswine".Suspendeddrink"chrysanthemumwine".Insomeplaces,suchasJiangxi,peoplegatheredtodrinkafterplantingthecerealcroportocelebratetheharvesttime.ChineseNewYearalso1 isknownasNewYear'sEve.Itisthedayforfamilyreuniontohavethemostsumptuousdinneroftheyear.Dinnerandwineareessentialtotheevenpoorestfamily.Insomeplaces,peoplegenerallydonotleavethehouseonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth.Fromthesecondday,peoplebegintodroparound.Theownerofthehousetakesthedisheswhichhavebeenpreparedearliertothetableandenjoythewinewiththeguests."liquorofdaughterinthesouth"Accordingtotheearliestrecordbythe"SouthernGrasses"thatthesouthernpeoplebegantomakewinewhentheirdaughterwasseveralyearsold.Thentheyburythebrewedwinewhentheirdaughtergotmarried.ThiskindofwinewasinheritedinShaoxinganddevelopedtobefamousas"Huadiaojiu".Anothedifferenceexistsinthecustomofdrinkingwine.Asisknowntous,Chinaisabigcountrywith56nationalitiesandvastterritory.Mostofthenationshaveitsowndistinctivewineandcustomofdrinkingwine.However,therestillexiststhecommoncharacter:encouragingpeopletodrink.Whileinwesterncountries,noonewillencourageyoutodrink.Itisuptoyoutodrinkornot.Noonewouldassociatetoastingpeoplewiththeface.Itthereexistsbuyingwineculture,thatis,todayIbuythewineforyouinabar;tomorrowyouwillbuyforme.Wineculturebringsaboutthedifferenceofideologyofflows.Wineculturethatcausedgreateffectionontheeastandwestcivilizationisembodiedinthefeminism.Inthewest,feteisanimportantmeansofworshipofwine.Thehousewivesandgirlsgatheredinwildmountainstodanceandenjoythemselvesthewholenight.Womencouldcommunicatewithanypeople.Althoughthemanwasdiscontentedwiththis,hecouldnothaveanycomplaints.Thistraditionwashandeddown.Asaresult,womengotalmostthesamestatuswiththemaninthewest.Theworshipofwinecamealongwiththemysteriousworshipofmaternity,whichrippledinthecivilizationofthewest.ItwasnotthecaseinChina.Althoughatthebeginning,thewinewasbrewedforthedaughterofYu,womenweredeprivedofrightofdrinkingwinebyman.ThegirlsinTheDreamofRedMansionmostlydrankfruitwine.Theliquor,repetitiveofwine,wasthepatentofmen,suchasJiaZheng.ThestatusofwomenwasgraduallypromotedafterthespreadofwesterncultureduringtheperiodofFourthFive.Womenhavethesamerightofdrinkingwineinmoderntimes.1 3.3DifferencesDrinkingEtiquetteBetweenChineseandWesternCountriesCarefulstudycanbefoundthatthereisabigdifferenceondrinkingetiquetteofthewineculturebetweenchineseandwesterncountries.Westernpeopleemphasisonthedrinkingofwine.Westernersemphasisonseeingwhatwinetodrink,orontheenjoymentofdeliciouswine.Chinesefocusonpeoplewhoaredrinking。Theyemphasisontheatmospherofdrinking.However,westerndrinkingwineetiquettereflectsthattheyrespectforwine.3.3.1ChinesedrinkingetiquetteChinesedrinkingetiquettereflectstherespectforthedrinker.ThereisfixedseatingandafixedtoasttimesaboutWhoisthemaster,whoistheguest.Toastnormallychooseaftereatingthemaincourse,andbeforethesugarbeetisnoton.Thecupmustbeheldontheeyeslevelwhenthetoasthappen..Thetoastmustbeginfromthemasterandwatcheachother,andatleastdrinkalittlewinetoshowrespect.Othersarenotqualifiedtorespectuntilthemasterfinished.Ifthetoastorderisupsetthepersonwhoupsetthetoastorderwillbefined.Toastmustbestartedfromthemostdistinguishedguests,atthistimethewineshouldbefullofsothatthemostdistinguishedguestscanberespected.Notonlyyoungerpeopletoasttotheelders,andsubordinatestaketheinitiativetoproposeatoasttothehigherlevels,butalsoshoulddrinkfirstinordertoshowrespect.TheJiuling,FingerGuessingGameetiquetteofwine,butalsotomakedrinkersthoroughlyenjoyedthemselves.Obviously,chinesewineculturedeeplyinfluencedbychinesecultureandtraditionalethicsofhierarchyofseniority,duringdrinkingalcoholtherespectforthosewhodrinkingwasplacedinthemostimportantposition.3.3.2WesterndrinkingetiquetteWesterndrinkingwineetiquettedemonstratesrespectforwine.Drinkingwinemustwatchtheircolor,smelltheirfragrance,tasteitsquality,mobilizeallkindofsensorytoenjoynicewine.Inthesequenceofdrinking,payattentiontothefirstdrinkafterdrinkredwine,whitewine,thefirstlighterwineInthesequenceofdrinking,Itisnecessarytopayattentiontotheorderof1 drinking.whitewineshouldbefirstandafterredwine,thefirstlighterwinefollowingRe-bodiedwinetodrinkashortyearwineandthendrinkalongyearwine,changesgraduallyin-depthchangeintheenjoymentofwineflavor.Theselectionofwinedevice,alsorevolvearoundhowtogetthefullenjoymentofdrinkingonthedrinkers.Letaromaconvergenceonmouthofthetulip-typegobletcup,andevenforwinetemperaturedegreespeciallydesignedthermometer,withoutexception,demonstraterespectforWesternerswine,andtheirDrinkingetiquetteareforabetterappreciationofwine.IntheWestpeoplerarelyToasteachother,theyusuallydrinkseparately.Onlyincertainoccasions,theywilljoininatoast.Ifatimelikethisisusuallythepersonafterthespeech,theyareblessingaperson,ortocelebrate.somethingforsomeone.3.3.3TheTypesofWineinWesternWesterninthetypesofwineare:pre-dinnerwine,dinnerinthewine,liqueurs.Pre-dinnerwine:About30minutesbeforeameal,whendrinking.pre-dinnerwinemostlydrinkinthelivingroom,themainpurposeistoappetizer,butalsotowaittheguestsincasesomethinghappenstohimandinordertoavoidembarrassment.Drinkaperitifsaremorecasual,youcansitorwalkaround.GentlemendrinkaperitifsaregenerallyMartini(Martini)whilewomengenerallydrinksherry(Sherry),whichisaverylightwhitewine.Evenifyouareapersonwhoyoudonotdrink,aglassofmineralwaterspots,likecoladrinksyoushouldhave.Ifyoudonottakeit,notonlywillitbecomeembarrassing,butalsomakeyourownungracious.Dinnerinthewine:Itisintheeatingprocessfordrinking,specificallyforthemaindish,withredwineandwhitewine.Precededwithdinnerinthewinewaswine-tastingceremony.Itwassaidthatthisterriblehabitofceremonycomefromaedievallegend.Atthattimeifapersonwantstoassassinatesomeone,themostcommonmethodistoputthepoisonintowine.Therefore,beforetheroyalnobilitydrinkingslavesshouldbeinvitedtotrytodrink.Itismorethan10minuteslateronlytoseethatnothinghappentoslavestheroyalnobilitydaretodrink.Sofar,theevolutionofwine-tastingceremony,isnottopreventtheassassination,whilethewestern-styledishischaracterizedbythesametimeencouragepeopletodineandenjoyakindofelegant,romanticandwarm.Wineisawayofcreatingaromanticatmosphereforaspecialdrink,sowineintheWesternhasaspecialstatus,notonlyvariety,buteachhavetheirowndishes,andhavetheirownmannerofdrinking.Afteropeningbottles,redwineorwhitewinecannotbesaved.Soallofthemdiscussedto1 findasamebrandsiptofinishaspossible.GuestsgenerallyadvisabletodrinkthreeglassesofwineLiqueurs:Generalpostprandialwineisbrandy,acupwithsquatbodywhilethecupoffeetisshortwillbeuesedtodrink.Thepostprandialcanwarmcupofwinebyhandheart,sothatthecupofwineemittacrisptaste.Ms.Mr.alsoliketoaddadashofsugarinbrandyorcoffee,butnotmilk.3.4DifferencesDrinkingPurposesBetweenChineseandWesternCountriesWineexistwiththeformofwaterandwiththecontentoffire.Theyareincompatiblesinceancienttimes,onlyanexceptiononwine.Itiswateralsofire.Notonlywasextinguishedbythemindsofunhappy,butalsocanbrighttheinner.Bothchineseandwesternerslovewine,butthediversityofcultures,socausedthedifferenceondrinkingpurposesbetweenthechinesepeopleAndwesterners.3.4.1TheWestistodrinkforwineThepurposeofdrinkinginwesternissimple.Theyhaveadrinkinordertoenjoydrinking.Ofcourse,winealsohasthefunctionofcommunication,butitismoreimportantforpeopletoenjoythetasteofwine.Whatkindofdrinkshouldbeusedtoenjoyonaoccasion,andwhattemperatureDegreeshouldbe,whatshapeoftheglassshouldbe,thereisaveryfineclearrequirement.ThereisnothingFingerGuessingGamewasprovidedonthebanquet.TheaestheticofwesternisadirectformStyle-orientedanddonotrequiretousedistiller'syeasttoachievecommunicativeeffects,showingthattheWestisdrinkingforwine.3.4.2Chinesewineisusedasatoolofcommunication.InChina,wineisoftenusedasacommunicativetool.Therefore,therearenotscientificsystematictheoreticalanalysisonchinesewineculture.Moreattentionwas1 paiedonotherfunctionsbroughtbydrinking.Theso-calledulteriormotivesarenotonwine,butcarebetweenlandscapeandlandscapeofthemusic.Peoplewhodrinkoftenwanttodiscussofficialbusiness,ortalktoaprivatematter.Inshort,drinkingisjustanexpressionofamood-assistedbehavior.Peoplehaveadrinkjustwanttoborrowtheroleofalcoholtocompleteanumberofotherthings,sochinesepeoplewillneverbelesswineonthetable.WhetheritisChineseNewYear,orabusinessinthefuture,wineisthemiddleofthehubofeverything.Italsolinkstothesubtleemotionsbetweenpeople,butpeoplerelymoreondrinkingisthepursuitofwine.Qingmeizhujiuistoprovewhoisthehero.TheparadisJiangJinjiupurposetoeliminatethesamemelancholy;BambooPoetsoftheSevenSageswastotakesanctuary.Qianlong1000gentlemanfeastwanttosharehappywiththepublic.Chinesepeopledrinkingisnotforalcoholbutforfeelings.Therefore,solongashavingappropriatereasons,everyonecanadviseeachothertodrink,inordertoshowgoodwillandsincerity.ToastisatypicalperformanceofChinesehospitality,butoftenisnotunderstoodbyWesternersonthechinesepeople.Chinaistheceremonies.Thecommunicationisusuallyadvocatedimplicitly.Theyarenotbounded,notonlycanspeak,alsocancriticizeafterdrinkingalhtoughthereisnothingtospeakusually.Winecanhelpchinesepeopletoachievecommunicativepurposes.4.ReasonsCausedtheDifferencesofWineCultureBetweenChineseandWesternCountries4.1DifferencesinPeople'sWayofThinkinginCineseandWsternCultureshaveaneffectonpeople'sviewsofunderstandingtheworld.differentcountrieshavedifferentcultures,sothemodeofthinkingmustbedifferentfromeachother.Thisisparticularlyevidentedintheculturesofchineseandwestern.ThewayofthinkingofchineseseemstobespiralwhichisalsothecharacteristicsoftraditionalChineseculture.Westernculture,wayofthinkinghaveshownanholistic.duingtotheimpactofthistraditionalculture,Westernersparticularpayattentionto1 intuitionandpayattentiontorecognizetheprocessofexperienceandfeeling,inexchangesofexperienceandfeelingoftenusethisto"relievepeople”.Chinesephilosophybelievesthatawarenessofsubjectandobjectallbelongstotheuniverse.Ifthesubjectseparatefromtheobject,theobjectisnotacompleteobject,andtheuniverseisnolongerthewholeone.Chinesephilosophy,ofcourse,cannotrecognizeobjectsthroughplacingtheminfrontofthemainbodyoftheoppositeorbeyondthefleshtoobserve,analyze,onlyco-existintheblendwiththeobjecttounderstanditsexistence,feelit'slife,andunderstanditsspirit.This"HeavenandMan"wayofthinking,embodiedintheunderstandingofsocialrelations,thatis,peoplecannotbeunderstoodfromthegroupofhumanvalues,peoplearepartofgroupsofpeople.Onlyasa"class"existence,canpeoplehavevalues.Thisthinkingistheemphasisontheexistenceofgroups,whichisthewholewayofthinkingofchinesepeople.Inwesternsociety,itisgraduallyenteringtheadvancedstagesofthedevelopmentofcivilization.Astheprocessofunderstandingnaturecontinuouslyimprove,therelationshipbetweenmanandnaturewilladaptfromsimplyrelyingontheusetoanactiveandtransformrelationshipofattack.Fromwhichwecansee,theWesterncultureisnotonlyconcernedabouttheveryexistenceofsocialgroupsandsocialoperationintheprocessofsocialandpersonalconfrontation,butalsorecognizedthateachindividualexistsconflictofinterest.Soprotectingsociety,anindependentrightofeachindividual,andthisistheWestperson'sindividualitymodeofthinking.Thewinewordsbetweenchineseandwesternhavereflectedthedifferencesonthispoint.Manyactivitiesinwestern,evenifcannotholdwithoutliquor,buttheyneverusealcoholasasynonymfortheholiday.Thefestivalisnamedaftertheirmeaningisdirectlylinkedwiththefestivalorhaveadirectpurpose.Forexample,Christmas,Easter,etc.Westernerswillnotusethewordonthewinetoreplacethem.Andwechineseusedtorefertoalotoffestivalwithawine.Becauseourwayofthinkingisaspiral,throughthefestivalcontentorimplicationwecanthinkofsomeoftheterminologywhichhaslinkedtoit,assuchholidaywillmakeusrichlenovo,whichalsofullyreflectsthewayofthinkingintraditionalchinese.4.2PerspectiveofDifferencesinChineseValuesandWesternValuesAnumberofdifferentvalueswereformedduingtofactorsdifferencesbetween1 chineseandwesternculturaltraditions..Forexample,individualismisawesterncorevalues,whilecollectivismisthemainvaluesoftheChinesepeople.Themaincontentofindividualismisthebeliefthateverypersonhashisvalueandattachgreatimportancetopersonalfreedomandemphasisonindividualself-control,self-control,self-development.Inaword,thevalueofwesternersarebasedonindividualphilosophyoflife. Therefore,intheWest'sdrinkingritualsanddrinkinghabits,thewesternermakeanefforttoreflecttheindividualorhimself.Theyliketheunconventional,unique,andtendstogohisownway.Asaresult,thewestalsoproduceswinedrinkingistoenjoythedelicious,andchinesepeople'sdrinkingetiquetteisreflectedonthedrinkingthatrespecttothepeople.Collectivismisthechinesepeople'ssocialvalue,whichisthecoreofchineseculture.Sinceancienttimes,chinesepeoplehaveputgreatemphasisongroupvalue.Confucius's"Loveothers,forbenevolence"andMencius"theworld'spresentinthecountry,thiscountryathome"arestronglyadmiredtheorderlyandharmonioussociety,promotegrouployaltyandindividualresponsibility".SunYat-sen's"ThingsforthePeople"andDengXiaoping's"commonprosperity"invariablyreflectsthevaluesofchineseculturegroups.Therefore,chinesestressedtheneedtoplacetheinterestsofsocietyandthecollectiveabovetheindividual.Whenthepersonalinterestsandcollectiveinterestsbecomeconflicttoeachother,individualinterestsmustunconditionallysubmittothecollectiveinterest.Thoseselfless,exerciserestraintandabidebythespiritofthegeneralpublicwillberespectedandcommended.Chinesepeople's"home-based","peaceisprecious"and"dignityconcept",whichareaconcretemanifestationofthesocialvalue.Basically,individualismreferstoaculturalvalueorientation.Thisapproachemphasizesthatthepersonalidentityemphasisonthecollectiveidentity.Individualrightstakeprecedenceovercollectiveresponsibilitiesandobligations.Personalneedssuperiortocollectiveneeds.Incontrast,collectivistvaluesarecontrary.Thatemphasisoncollectiveidentityismoreimportantthanpersonalidentity.Thecollectiveresponsibilitiesandobligationstakeprecedenceoverindividualrights,andcollectivedemandishigherthantheneedsofindividuals.OnthetablewineinChina,people'sulteriormotives,butrathertocreateaharmoniousatmosphere,inorderthatwecanfeeltheenthusiasmofowners,aswellasrespecttosuperiorsorelders.Thehabitofdrinkingfromthewesternanalysis,wecanseethatalotoffestivalsinChinaare1 relatedtoalcohol-related.Almostallfestivals,wineisinseparable.Thisisaperfectreflectiontothechinesepeople'sgreatunifiedpsychology.Havingthesamesenseisourpurpose,sothateveryoneownsakindofcollectivesense.Westerndrinkinghabitsanddrinkingetiquettesareshowingapersonalfeelingoffinewinetothepublic,orthirefocusonself-performances.Thisisexactlyoppositetochinesepeopleandourvalues.4.3DifferencesinCulturalPatternsAccordingtothespecificformofWesternculturearedifferent,wecanconcludethatthetwotypeswerereducedtoaharmoniouscultureandresistance-typeculture.Ondealingwithinterpersonalrelations,thechineseculturehasvaluedre-groups,harmony,andemphasizpatriarchalnatureofdiscipline,butitunderestimatedindividualandresistancesinceancienttimes.Itpersuadespeopleandconstrainsthem,andconstrainsthefreedomofthirewillsandcreativityandignoresindividualworthanddignityoflife.Chineseculturehasalwayssoughtbetweenmanandnature,socialharmonyandunificationasthemainthemeoflife'sidealsandopposedtheindependenceofhumanwillandforgeahead,evendevelopedtheconceptofgroupsofpeopletogoalongwithfidelity,consciousnessinordertolookforamoderate,conciliatoryprocessingchannels.Thekindofharmonyconceptsofchinesecultureembodyandnurturethenationalobedience,submission,conservativeandinert,complacentspiritatthesametime.However,therearelittleprotestconsciousnessandrebelcourage."Chinesepeoplehavegenerallysaying'daysremainunchanged,theDowhasnotchanged,'thehistoryofideas,""Alltheoldthingsareextremelyvaluable,andallthenewthingsaremeaningless."Whichalsoresultedinmodest,reserved,introvertedcultureofweakcharacter.Therefore,onthepurposesofchinesepeople'sdrinking,chinesepeopleprefertoorusedtoregardwineasourcommunicationtools.Usingwineonthetable,peoplecantakeadvantageofthisatmosphereandritualtodemonstratetheirrespectforothers,andcanformagoodinterpersonalskills.InWesternsociety,ondealingwithinterpersonalrelations,theWesternerswillbemorerespecttoindividualfreedomandpersonalindependencethanothers.Theyalsoemphasiztheindividualvalueoflifeanddignity,andtheattentiontotheacquisitionandprotectionofprivateproperty.Theoverallconceptofandthecollective1 consciousnessareratherweak.Westernershavethequalityandpsychologicalstateoffacingthechallenges,boldingthepursuit,evenowingthewayofthinkingandunscrupulousbehaviortoachieveourgoaltostriveforvictoryinthespiritandcreatingastraightforward,open-minded,andarigidtheculturalcharacter.Itispreciselybecauseofthisresistancetypeofculturalforms,thewesterncountriespeopledrinkingpurposesisalsostraightforward,andtheyareforthewineanddrinking.butduringtheenjoymentoffinewine,theyreachedthirecommunicativepurposes.4.ConclusionWinecultureisapartofsocialculture.AsthefastdevelopmentofSociety,culturalexchangesofchineseandwesterncountrieshasbecomecloserandcloser.Wineculturehasbecomeahottopicsintheculturalexchangesofchineseandwestern.Thedifferencesofwineculturebetween chineseandwesternisactuallyaminiatureinmanydifferencesbetweenchineseandwesternsociety.Manyscholarswhoworkedonthishottopichasmadegreatachievements.However,manyscholarswhohasmadetheresultshavetheirownpointswhicharedifferentfrommine.Thisarticleisbasedonthemasteryofthedifferencesinwineculturebetweenchineseandwesterncountries.Andthenanalysistheunderlyingcausesfromthesedifferences.Thesedifferencesinclude:First,thedifferencesofwineword;second,differencesindrinkinghabits;andthird,differencesindrinkingetiquette;Fourth,differencesindrinkingpurpose.Theseaspectsrefertothelanguageaswellascombinewitharesearchmethodsofculture.However,thereisaninnovativepointtothisarticlethatistheanalysisaboutunderlyingcausesofthesedifferences.Analysisingthereasonsrespectiveanglesofsocial.Suchas:differencesbetweenChineseandWesternwaysofthinking;thedifferencebetweenchineseandwesternvaluesanddifferencesofculturalpatternsbetweenchineseandwesterncountries.throughanalysisingthereasonsofculturaldifferencesofchineseandwesternwine,Ihavemuchknowledgeandunderstanding.aboutsocialandculturalofchineseandwestern.Itissignificanttounderstandthedifferencesofwineculturebetweenchineseandwesterninnowadaysbecauseallofusareadvoctingtheharmonioussociety.Moreover,itwill1 contributetobuildingtheharmonioussociety.Therefore,notonlyshouldweunderstandthedifferencesofwineculturebetweenchineseandwestern,butalsounderstandtheunderlyingcausesofthedifferences.1