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1、局部解剖学TopographicalAnatomyDepartmentofAnatomy,JilinUniversity石岫昆XiukunShi2007.02.08Section4PeritoneumandPeritonealCavityI.Introduction1.Peritoneumisaserousmembranewhichlinesabdominopelviccavity,andcanbelikenedtoaslackballoonintowhichorgansareinvaginated.Parietalperitoneumlinesabdomi
2、nalandpartofpelvicwalls,whileVisceralperitoneumcoversviscera.Peritonealcavityispotentialspacebetweenparietalandviscerallayerofperitoneum.Inmale,isaclosedsac;butinfemale,thereisacommunicationwithoutsidethroughuterinetubes,uterus,andvagina.Afilmoffluidlubricatessurfacesofperitoneuman
3、dfacilitatesfreemovementofviscera,oneagainstanotheroragainstabdominalorpelvicwalls.2.ThemostimportantfunctionsofperitoneumareAbsorption,SecretionandSupportingviscera.①Peritoneumhascapacityofabsorption.Solublesubstancesandwaterareprobablyabsorbeddirectlyintoblood.Peritoneuminsubphre
4、nicregionhasagreaterabsorptivecapacitythanotherregions.Afterabdominalorpelvicoperations,ithasbeencustomarytoputpatientinFowler'sposition,sothatanyinflammatoryintraperitonealeffusionwillgravitateintopelvis.Fowler'sposition②Peritoneummaysecretealubricatingserousfluidthatcontinuouslym
5、oistensassociatedorganstominimizefrictionandtoresistinfection.Undercertainpathologicalconditions,potentialspaceofperitonealcavitymayformanactualspacecontainingseverallitersoffluid.Ascitesisanaccumulationofserousfluidinperitonealcavity(hydroperitoneum).③Theperitoneumsurroundsandsupp
6、ortsviscerainanumberofdifferentways,whichmaybecharacterisedasfollows:mesentery,ligament,omentum,andsoon.TreatmentofRenalFailureContinuousAmbulatoryPeritonealDialysis3.Basedoncoveringofperitoneum,viscerainabdominalandpelviccavitiescanbedividedintothreekinds:①Intraperitonealviscera→v
7、isceraarealmostcompletelyinvestedbyperitoneumandmoremobilethanotherviscera,suchasspleen,stomach,smallintestine,transversecolonandsigmoidcolon,etc.Intraperitonealviscera②Interperitonealviscera→visceraarecoveredbyperitoneumontheirthreeaspects,suchasgall-bladder,liver,ascendingcolon,u
8、terusandurinarybladder.③Re
