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ID:19869095
大小:901.50 KB
页数:28页
时间:2018-10-07
《原发性硬化性胆管炎课件》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、原发性硬化性胆管炎原发性硬化性胆管炎(primarysclerosingcholangitis):一种特发性於胆性疾病。胆管弥漫性炎症,广泛纤维化增厚和狭窄是本病的特征。胆管病变可为均一性、节段性或不规则性。病变可累计整个胆道系统,以肝外胆管病变明显。胆囊一般不受侵犯。可逐渐发展致胆汁性肝硬化、门脉高压、肝衰竭而死亡。病因病因不明。目前认为与自身免疫性疾病、慢性肠源性感染、中毒等因素有关。约50%~70%病人合并有溃疡性结肠炎(BD)。临床表现本病少见,约2/3发生在45岁以下病人,男女之比约为3:2。起病缓慢,黄疸初期呈间歇性加重,后期呈慢性进行性持续性梗阻,伴瘙痒及间歇性右上腹隐痛、恶
2、心呕吐、乏力、体重减轻等,偶有畏寒发热等胆管炎表现。常出现肝硬化、门脉高压症的表现。病人常死于肝衰竭。影像学表现ERCP、MRCP显示胆管普遍性或局限性狭窄,或呈节段性多处狭窄,以肝管分叉部明显。病变累及肝内胆管时,肝内胆管分支减少并僵直,具有诊断价值。PTC常难以成功。Cholangiographicclassificationsystemforprimarysclerosingcholangitis。IntrahepaticType0NoabnormalitiesTypeIMultiplestrictureswithnormalcaliberofthebileductsorminimal
3、dilatationsTypeIIMultipleshort,bandlikestrictures,sacculardilatations,decreasedarborisationTypeIIIDespiteadequatefillingpressureonlycentralbranchesfilled;severepruning,oneormoreoutpouchingsExtrahepaticType0NoabnormalitiesTypeIIrregularitiesofextrahepaticductcontour,withoutdistantnarrowingTypeIISegme
4、ntalstenosisofextrahepaticduct,withsmoothorirregularmarginTypeIIIIrregularstenosisandbeadingofalmostentirelengthofthecommonductTypeIVExtremelyirregularmarginoftheextrahepaticduct,diverticulumlikeoutpoutchings影像学分型肝内胆管分4型:T0型,肝内胆管未见异常。I型,肝内胆管多发狭窄,狭窄间胆管正常或轻度扩张。II型,肝内胆管多发狭窄,狭窄间胆管似小囊状扩张,呈串珠样改变。III型,加压
5、注入对比剂后肝内胆管仅中央主要分支充盈,远侧分支呈剪枝样。肝外胆管分5型:0型,肝外胆管未见异常。I型,胆管无明显狭窄,仅边缘轻度不规则。II型,胆管呈节段性狭窄,多累及肝总管或胆总管近端,范围2~4cm。III型,肝外胆管大部或全部受累,呈弥漫性狭窄。IV型,胆管边缘很不规整,甚至呈憩室样凸出。SecondarybiliarysclerosiscanmimickcholangiographicfeaturesofPSC.(A)Thecholangiogramofapatientwithischemic-likecholangiopathyandbiliarycastformationaf
6、terprolongedanamnesticpolytraumawithsepsisandmechanicalventilation.(B)Abiliarycastthathadbeenremovedfromthehepaticductinthispatient.ERCPwiththecorrespondingMRCPoftwopatientswithPSC.PatientApresentswithmultifocalstricturesoftheintrahepaticbileductsandwithahigh-gradestenosisatthecysticductjunction.P
7、atientBfeaturesalong-segmentfiliformstenosisofthecommonbileduct;theintrahepaticductsseemtobeprofoundlynarrowedinERCPwhileMRCPaccentuatesthedilatedbileductsininterveningsegments.诊断PSC早期诊断较困难.随着实验室技术的发展,影像学的进步,以及临治疗
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