流行病学课件_1

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1、地方病EndemicDiseases哈尔滨医科大学流行病学教研室Departmentofepidemiology，HarbinMedicalUniversity目录第一节概述(Introduction)第二节地方性碘缺乏病(Endemiciodinedeficiencydiseases)第一节概述Introduction地方病概念地方病的判断依据及分类我国主要的地方病几种主要地方病的流行特征预防策略与措施ConceptofendemicdiseasesCriteriaandclassificati

2、onofendemicdiseasesThemajorendemicdiseasesinChinaPrevalencecharacteristicsofseveralmajorendemicdiseasesPreventionstrategiesandmeasures一、地方病的概念Conceptofendemicdiseases地方病概念地方病也称地方性疾病。指在某些特定地区相对稳定并经常发生、不需从外地输入的疾病。Whatwereendemicdiseases?Endemicdiseasesh

3、avebeendefinedas“aclassofdiseasesthatconstantlypresentinpeoplelivinginparticularareaswithoutimportedcasesfromexternalsources”二、地方病的判断依据及分类Criteriaandclassificationofendemicdiseases地方病的判断依据该地区的居民任何民族其发病率其他地区居住的相似人群，该病的发病频率，甚至不发病Criteriaofendemicdisease

4、incidenceofthediseaseinanyethnicmayincreaseintheresidentsintheareasimilarresidentslivedinotherareashavethelowerincidence,orevennotoccurthedisease二、地方病的判断依据及分类Criteriaandclassificationofendemicdiseases地方病的判断依据迁入该地区的人经一段时间后，其发病率和当地居民一致人群迁出该地区后，发病率或患病症状减

5、轻或自愈除人之外，当地的易感动物也可发生同样的疾病Criteriaofendemicdiseasewhoimmigratetheareaoveraperiodoftime,itsincidenceapproachesthatinlocalpopulationthepeopleemigratethearea,theincidencewouldreduce,orsymptomsalleviateorself-healinginaddition,thelocalanimalsarealsosuscept

6、ibletothesamedisease地球化学性地方病自然疫源性地方病与特定生产生活方式有关地方病病因未明地方病地方病的分类(Classificationofendemicdiseases)GeochemistryendemicdiseasesNaturalfociendemicdiseaseparticularproductionandLifestyle-relatedendemicdiseasesEndemicdiseaseofunknownetiology地球化学性地方病碘缺乏病饮水型地方

7、性氟中毒砷中毒自然疫源性地方病血吸虫病鼠疫布氏杆菌病GeochemistryendemicdiseasesIodinedeficiencydisease;drinkingwatertypefluorosisandarsenicpoisoningNaturalfociendemicdiseaseSchistosomiasis;plague;Brucellosis与特定生产生活方式有关地方病燃煤污染型氟中毒饮茶型氟中毒燃煤污染型砷中毒病因未明地方病克山病大骨节病趴子病乌脚病Particularprod

8、uctionandlifestyle-relatedendemicdiseasesBurningcoalpollutedtypefluorosisDrinkingteatypefluorosisBurningcoalpollutedtypearsenicpoisoningEndemicdiseaseofunknownetiologyKeshandisease;Kaschin-Beckdisease;Pazhidisease;blackfootdisease三、我国主要的地方病纳入重