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1、Beliefsas Self-FulfillingPropheciesRogerBannisterOutlineBeliefsshaperealityHowitworksOptimizingoptimismRaisingourbeliefsWearewhatwethink. Allthatweareariseswithourthoughts. Withourthoughts,wemakeourworld.TheBuddhaPygmalionPygmalionPygmalionintheclassroom(RobertRosent
2、hal)IntheworkplaceJamieson(1987)“Treatamanasaheisandhewillremainasheis.Treatamanashecanandshouldbeandheshallbecomeashecanandshouldbe.”JohannWolfgangvonGoetheThePoweroftheSituationMilgram’sObediencetoAuthorityZimbardo’sPrisonExperimentThe(Positive)PoweroftheSituationmen
3、above75weekin“1959”resortmentalandbiologicalagedecreasesLanger(1989)testingeyesightImproveswithroleLanger(1979)PositivePrimingBargh(1999)Dijksterhuis&VanKnippensberg(1998)Creatingapositiveenvironmentpictures(people,places,etc)pleasantobjects(memorabilia,flowers,etc)quo
4、tesTheSelf-HelpMovement“Whateveryourmindcanconceiveandbelieveitcanachieve”NapoleonHill“Whetheryouthinkyoucanorcan’t—youareright.”HenryFordTheSelf-HelpMovement“Havegreathopesanddaretogoalloutforthem.Havegreatdreamsanddaretolivethem.Havetremendousexpectationsandbelievein
5、them.”NormanVincentPealeAlbertBanduraonSelfEfficacy“Beliefsinpersonalefficacyaffectlifechoices,levelofmotivation,qualityoffunctioning,resiliencetoadversityandvulnerabilitytostressanddepression.”“Peoplewhoregardthemselvesashighlyefficaciousact,think,andfeeldifferentlyfr
6、omthosewhoperceivethemselvesasinefficacious.Theyproducetheirownfuture,ratherthansimplyforetellit.”CultivatedovertimeCurry(1997)oncollegeathletesNathanielBrandenonSelf-Esteem“Thelevelofourself-esteemhasprofoundconsequencesforeveryaspectofourexistence:howweoperateinthewo
7、rkplace,howwedealwithpeople,howhighwearelikelytorise,howmuchwearelikelytoachieve—and,inthepersonalrealm,withwhomwearelikelytofallinlove,howweinteractwithourspouse,children,andfriends,whatlevelofpersonalhappinessweattain.”“Selfconceptisdestiny.”ThePlaceboEffectBeliefsas
8、Self-fulfillingPropheciesBeliefs ExpectationsPerformanceMotivationConsistencyInterpretationObjectiveSubjective“Ifaile
