抗肿瘤药（英文版）

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1、AnticancerDrugsDr.QamarBarakzaiDepartmentofPharmacologyZiauddinMedicalUniversityKarachi.Pakistan“CANCER”ReferstoaMalignantneoplasm(Newgrowth)Cancercellscanmanifest:UncontrolledProliferation.Lossoffunctionduetolackofabilitytodifferentiate.Invasiveness.Theab

2、ilitytometastasize.Cancerarisesasaresultofaseriesofgeneticchangesinthecell,themaingeneticlesionsbeing:Inactivationoftumorsuppressorgenes.Theactivationofoncogenes.AntineoplasticagentsArecytotoxicnottumoricidalOnlykillcellsduringmitosis,andNotallcancercellsa

3、redividingatthesametime.SUCCESSDEPENDSON:StageofcancerattimeofdiagnosisTypeofcancerDevelopmentofdrugresistanceOverallhealthofpatient.RTumorSuppressorGenes-ve(p53)GrowthFactorsOncogenes+veSDNASynthesisG2PremitoticIntervalMPROPHASEMETAPHASEANAPHASETELOPHASEM

4、ITOSISG0G1SPHASESPECIFICCytosineArbinosideHydroxyureaSPHASESPECIFICSELFLIMITING6-MercaptpurineMethotrexate.MPHASESPECIFICvincristinevinblastinepaclitaxelPHASENONSPECIFICalkylatingagents,cis-platinumnitrosoureas,dacarbazineantibioticsprocarbazineG0Different

5、iationCELLGROWTHCYCLE5DISTINCTPHASESOFMITOSIS1.G0-Resting-nomitosis2.G1-Postmitotic-firstgrowth3.S-DNAsynthesisphase4.G2-Premitotic-secondgrowth5.M-MitosisphaseGENERATIONTIME-onecompletecycledifferentinalltumors,fromhourstodaysPENTOSTATINInhibitsadenosine

6、DeaminasePALAInhibitsPyrimidineBiosynthesisPurinesynthesisPyrimidinesynthesisRibonucleotidesDeoxyribonucleotidesDNAHYDROXYUREAInhibitRibonucleotideReductase6-MERCAPTOPURINE6-THIOGAUNINEInhibitPuringringbiosynthesisInhibitNeocleotideinterconversions5-FLOURO

7、URACILInhibitTMPSynthesisMETHOTREXATEInhibitdihydrofolatereduction,blocksTMPandPurinesynthesisDNARNA(Transfer,messenger,ribosomal)CYTARABINEFLUDARABINE2-CHLORODEOXYADENOSINEInhibitDNASynthesisALKYLATINGAGENTSMITOMYCETINCISPLATINPROCARBAZINEDACARBAZINEForma

8、dductsw/DNABLEOMYCINETOPOSIDETENIPOSIDEDamageDNAandPreventrepairDACTINOMYCINEDAUNORUBICINDOXORUBICINMITOXANTRONEIntercalatewithDNAInhibitRNAsynthesisPROTEINSEnzymesMicrotubulesA-ASPARAGINASEDeaminateasparagin