最全的营养和食品卫生学--特殊人群的营养 ppt课件

《最全的营养和食品卫生学--特殊人群的营养 ppt课件》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、特殊人群的营养Dietaryrequirementsforspecificpopulations李颖营养与食品卫生学教研室DepartmentofNutritionandFoodHygienespecificpopulationsPregnantwomenandlactatingmothersInfants、children、adolescenceandolderpeopleAthletesspecificenvironmentofgroups第一节孕妇和母乳的营养与膳食Nutrientanddietaryrequi

2、rementsofpregnantwomenandlactationmotherspregnancylactationDietaryenergyrequirementsDeficientenergyneedslowbirthweightinfantslimitsthesuccessofbreastfeeding一、pregnantwoman（一）妊娠期的生理特点（physiologicalchangsinpregnancy）1．内分泌(endocrine)2．血液(blood)3．肾脏(renalsystem)4．

3、消化(gastrointestinalsystem)5．体重(bodyweight)（一）physiologicalchangsinpregnancy1．内分泌(endocrine)（1）人绒毛膜促性腺激素（humanchorionicgonadotropin，HCG）（2）人绒毛膜生长素（humanchorionicsomatomammotropin，HCS）（3）雌激素(estrogen)（4）孕酮（progesterone）pregnantwomanEstrogen(pg/ml)雌激素HCG绒毛膜促性腺激素pr

4、ogesterone孕酮RegulationofhormonechangesinpregnancyWeeksofgestationWeeksofgestationWeeksofgestationWeeksofgestationTSH(1)Bloodvolume45%~50%15%~20%2．BloodPhysiologicAnemiaofPregnancyNon-pregnantNon-pregnantlLatepregnancyLatepregnancyPlasmaproteinPlasmaalbumen(2)Pl

5、asmaprotein70g/L60g/L40g/L25g/LRelativelydilutionofblood3．RenalsystemRenalplasmaflow75%Glomerularfiltrationrate50%Renalreabsorption肾小球滤过率肾小管的重吸收肾血浆流量蛋白质代谢产物尿素（urea）、尿酸(uricacid)、肌酸(creatine)、肌酐(creatinine)等排泄增多;尿中叶酸、葡萄糖排出量增加，出现糖尿。4．GastrointestinalsystemEndocri

6、nechangesareprobablyresponsibleforthesymptomsofnausea(恶心)、vomiting(呕吐)、waterbrash(反酸)、dyspepsia(消化不良)、constipation(便秘).Prolongedtransittimeoffoodincreasenutrientabsorption,suchascalcium（钙）、iron（铁）、folicacid(叶酸)、VitaminB12(维生素B12).5．BodyweightThenutritionalcosto

7、fpregnancytheproductsofconception,胎儿(fetus)、羊水(amnioticfluid)和胎盘(placenta)母体血液(motherblood),细胞外液(extracellularfluid)，子宫(uterus),乳腺(mammaryglands)5．BodyweightBMIRecommendedweightgain（kg）malnutrition<19.812.5～18.0normal19.8～26.011.5～16.0overweight>26.0～29.07.0～11

8、.5obesity>29.06.0～6.8（二）妊娠期的营养需要(Nutrientrequirementsofpregnancy)1．能量(energycostsofpregnancy)ReferenceNutrientIntakes(RNI):mid-andlate-gestation:+0.83MJ.2．蛋白质(protein)Refere