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ID:19138157
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页数:60页
时间:2018-09-26
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1、Microbiology:PrinciplesandExplorationsSixthEditionChapter13:AntimicrobialTherapyCopyright©2005byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.JacquelynG.BlackAntimicrobialAgentsAspecialgroupofchemotherapeuticagentsusedtotreatdiseasescausedbymicrobesAntibiosis:literallymeans“againstlife”Antibiotic:Achemicalsubstanceproducedbym
2、icrobeswhichhasthecapacitytoinhibitordestroythegrowthofbacteria/othermicrobesSynthetic/semi-syntheticdrugs1910:PaulEhrlichusedSalvarsantotreatsyphilis1935:GerhardDomagkdiscoveredprontosil,areddye,inhibitsgrowthofmanygram-positivebacteria1936:ErnestFourneaudiscoveredthatthesulfanilamideportioncontain
3、edantimicrobialactivityTheHistoryofChemotherapySelectiveToxicityTheSpectrumofActivityModesofActionSideEffectsTheResistanceofMicroorganismsGeneralPropertiesofAntimicrobialAgentsTheantimicrobialagentmustharmthemicrobeswithoutcausingsignificantdamagetothehostToxicdosagelevel:causeshostdamageTherapeutic
4、dosagelevel:successfullyeliminatesthepathogenicorganismifthelevelismaintainedSelectiveToxicityTherangeofdifferentmicrobesagainstwhichanantimicrobialagentactsBroadspectrum:Agentseffectiveagainstbothgram-positiveandgram-negativebacteriaNarrowspectrum:AgentseffectiveagainstasmallnumberofmicrobesSpectru
5、mofActivitySpectrumofActivityInhibitionofcellwallsynthesisDisruptionofcell-membranefunctionInhibitionofproteinsynthesisInhibitionofnucleicacidsynthesis5.ActionasantimetabolitesModesofActionModesofActionInhibitingcellwallsynthesisselectivelydamagesbacterialandfungalcellsPenicillinandcephalosporincont
6、ainastructurecalledaß-lactamringTheß-lactamringattachestotheenzymesthatcross-linkpeptidoglycansandpreventcellwallsynthesisInhibitionofCellWallSynthesisBacteriaBeforeExposuretoPenicillinBacteriaAfterExposuretoPenicillinCertainpolypeptideantibiotics,suchaspolymyxinsActasdetergentsanddistortbacterialce
7、llmembranesBindtophospholipidsinthemembraneEspeciallyeffectiveagainstgram-negativebacteriawhichhaveanoutermembraneDisruptionofCellMembraneFunctionAnexampleofselectivetoxicityAttackbacterialcellswithou
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