抗微生物药物（英文ppt）antimicrobial

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1、Chapter20AntimicrobialDrugsAntimicrobialDrugsChemotherapy:Theuseofdrugstotreatadisease.Antimicrobialdrugs:Interferewiththegrowthofmicrobeswithinahost.Antibiotic:Asubstanceproducedbyamicrobethat,insmallamounts,inhibitsanothermicrobe.Selectivetoxicity:Adrugthatkillsharmfulmicrobeswithoutda

2、magingthehost.1928:Flemingdiscoveredpenicillin,producedbyPenicillium.1940:HowardFloreyandErnstChainperformedfirstclinicaltrialsofpenicillin.Figure20.1Table20.1Table20.2TheActionofAntimicrobialDrugsBroad-spectrumSuperinfectionBactericidalBacteriostaticTheActionofAntimicrobialDrugsFigure20

3、.2TheActionofAntimicrobialDrugsFigure20.4AntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisPenicillinNaturalpenicillinsSemisyntheticpenicillinsPenicillinsFigure20.6AntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisPenicillinPenicilinase-resistantpenicillinsExtended-spectrumpenici

4、llinsPenicillins+-lactamaseinhibitorsCarbapenemsMonobactamAntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisFigure20.8AntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisCephalosporins2nd,3rd,and4thgenerationsmoreeffectiveagainstgram-negativesFigure20.9AntibacterialAntibioticsInh

5、ibitorsofCellWallSynthesisPolypeptideantibioticsBacitracinTopicalapplicationAgainstgram-positivesVancomycinGlycopeptideImportant"lastline"againstantibioticresistantS.aureusAntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisAntimycobacterialantibioticsIsoniazid(INH)Inhibitsmycolicacids

6、ynthesisEthambutolInhibitsincorporationofmycolicacidAntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofProteinSynthesisChloramphenicolBroadspectrumBinds50Ssubunit,inhibitspeptidebondformationAminoglycosidesStreptomycin,neomycin,gentamycinBroadspectrumChangesshapeof30SsubunitAntibacterialAntibioticsIn

7、hibitorsofProteinSynthesisTetracyclinesBroadspectrumInterfereswithtRNAattachmentStreptograminsGram-positivesBinds50Ssubunit,inhibitstranslationFigure20.11AntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofProteinSynthesisMacrolidesGram-positivesBinds50S,preventstranslocationOxazolidino