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ID:19138137
大小:3.51 MB
页数:42页
时间:2018-09-26
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1、Chapter20AntimicrobialDrugsAntimicrobialDrugsChemotherapy:Theuseofdrugstotreatadisease.Antimicrobialdrugs:Interferewiththegrowthofmicrobeswithinahost.Antibiotic:Asubstanceproducedbyamicrobethat,insmallamounts,inhibitsanothermicrobe.Selectivetoxicity:Adrugthatkillsharmfulmicrobeswithoutda
2、magingthehost.1928:Flemingdiscoveredpenicillin,producedbyPenicillium.1940:HowardFloreyandErnstChainperformedfirstclinicaltrialsofpenicillin.Figure20.1Table20.1Table20.2TheActionofAntimicrobialDrugsBroad-spectrumSuperinfectionBactericidalBacteriostaticTheActionofAntimicrobialDrugsFigure20
3、.2TheActionofAntimicrobialDrugsFigure20.4AntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisPenicillinNaturalpenicillinsSemisyntheticpenicillinsPenicillinsFigure20.6AntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisPenicillinPenicilinase-resistantpenicillinsExtended-spectrumpenici
4、llinsPenicillins+-lactamaseinhibitorsCarbapenemsMonobactamAntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisFigure20.8AntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisCephalosporins2nd,3rd,and4thgenerationsmoreeffectiveagainstgram-negativesFigure20.9AntibacterialAntibioticsInh
5、ibitorsofCellWallSynthesisPolypeptideantibioticsBacitracinTopicalapplicationAgainstgram-positivesVancomycinGlycopeptideImportant"lastline"againstantibioticresistantS.aureusAntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofCellWallSynthesisAntimycobacterialantibioticsIsoniazid(INH)Inhibitsmycolicacids
6、ynthesisEthambutolInhibitsincorporationofmycolicacidAntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofProteinSynthesisChloramphenicolBroadspectrumBinds50Ssubunit,inhibitspeptidebondformationAminoglycosidesStreptomycin,neomycin,gentamycinBroadspectrumChangesshapeof30SsubunitAntibacterialAntibioticsIn
7、hibitorsofProteinSynthesisTetracyclinesBroadspectrumInterfereswithtRNAattachmentStreptograminsGram-positivesBinds50Ssubunit,inhibitstranslationFigure20.11AntibacterialAntibioticsInhibitorsofProteinSynthesisMacrolidesGram-positivesBinds50S,preventstranslocationOxazolidino
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