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1、BiologicalAspectsandthePromisesofPreventionBeirne-Smithetal.MentalRetardation,SeventhEditionCopyright©2006PearsonEducation,Inc. UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458 Allrightsreserved.(c)2006byPearsonEducation.AllRightsReserved.TypesofCausesTerminologyBiologicalPhysiologicalOrganicEnvironmentalPsychologic
2、alSociologicalPsychosocialCultural-FamilialBeirne-Smithetal.MentalRetardation,SeventhEditionCopyright©2006PearsonEducation,Inc. UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458 Allrightsreserved.(c)2006byPearsonEducation.AllRightsReserved.StatisticsApproximately50%ofcasesofintellectualdisabilityhaveaknowncauseBiolog
3、icalpathologycanbeidentifiedin60%to75%ofcasesforIQsfallingbelow5025%to40%ofallcasesofmildretardationmayhaveaspecificidentifiablecause10-50%ofcasesofmildretardationarerelatedtogeneticetiologiesStateprevalenceratesvarybetween.35%and2.39%Beirne-Smithetal.MentalRetardation,SeventhEditionCopyright©2006Pe
4、arsonEducation,Inc. UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458 Allrightsreserved.(c)2006byPearsonEducation.AllRightsReserved.TerminologySourcesconventionalwisdomnamesofpersonswhoinitiallyidentifiedordescribedtheconditionbiomedicaltermsdescribingthecauseortheresultantdisabilities.Beirne-Smithetal.MentalRetardat
5、ion,SeventhEditionCopyright©2006PearsonEducation,Inc. UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458 Allrightsreserved.(c)2006byPearsonEducation.AllRightsReserved.BasicInformationBeirne-Smithetal.MentalRetardation,SeventhEditionCopyright©2006PearsonEducation,Inc. UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458 Allrightsreserved.(
6、c)2006byPearsonEducation.AllRightsReserved.GeneticTerminologyGenesbasicbiologicalunitscarryinginheritedphysical,mental,orpersonalitytraitsApproximately30,000genesarepresentineachhumancellGenesoccupyspecificpositionsonchromosomesPairsofgenescarryingthesametraitarecalledhomozygousPairsofgenescarryingd
7、ifferenttraitsarecalledheterozygousBeirne-Smithetal.MentalRetardation,SeventhEditionCopyright©2006PearsonEducation,Inc. UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458 Allrightsreserved.(c)2006byPearsonEducation.AllR
