专八mini-lecture口译中可用到的缩写及符号

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1、AbbreviationsinNotetakingUseonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.S  =  sumf  =  frequency Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

2、cf  =  comparee.g.  =  exampledept  =  department  Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.pol  =  politicsdem  =  democracylib  =  liberalcap  =  capitalism  Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.pres  =  presentationsubj  =  subjectind  =  individualcons  =  conservative  Eliminate

3、finalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.assoc  =  associatebiol  =  biologyinfo  =  informationach  =  achievementchem  =  chemistrymax  =  maximumintro  =  introductionconc  =  concentrationmin  =  minimumrep  =  repetition  Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonant

4、stogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.ppd  =  preparedprblm  =  problemestmt  =  estimatebkgd  =  backgroundgvt  =  government  Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.am't  =  amountcont'd  =  continuedgov't  =  governmenteducat'l  =  educationalFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.c

5、hpts  =  chaptersegs  =  examplesfs  =  frequenciesintros  =  introductions  Usegtorepresentingendings.ckg  =  checkingestg  =  establishingdecrg  =  decreasingexptg  =  experimenting  Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.  Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoo

6、densewithshorthand.  Leaveoutunimportantwords.Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.  Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.  Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveor

7、transitionalwords.&  =  andw/  =  withw/o  =  withoutvs  =  against  =  therefore=  =  isorequal  Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.zb  =  German,forexampleibid  =  Latin,thesameworko  =  degreesH2O  =  waterMorereference:Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymb