资源描述：
《专四常用的缩写及符号》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、AbbreviationsinNotetakingUseonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily. 1.Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalism 2.Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.pres = presentat
2、ionsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative 3.Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionc
3、onc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetition 4.Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.am't = amoun
4、tcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions 5.Usegtorepresentingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = d
5、ecreasingexptg = experimenting Leaveoutunimportantwords.Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain. 6.Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = wi
6、thoutvs = against = therefore= = isorequal 7.Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.o = degreesH2O = water字母、图像Z表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C表示政府，统治：government，govern希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern,government。government
7、alofficial可以表示为CZP表示政治：politics,political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示为PZE表示总数：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,ect. E数学符号表示总值。G表示效率：efficient,effective。G为效率符号。Q表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A表示农业:agriculture.agricult
8、ure经常用到，所以用首字母代替。B表示商业：business。C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict和confrontation。W表示工作，职业:
