听写,mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全

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1、听写，Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviations  AbbreviationsinNotetakingUseonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.  1）Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyu

2、sedintextsandreferences.S  =  sumf  =  frequency  2）Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.cf  =  comparee.g.  =  exampledept  =  department  3）Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.pol  =  politicsdem  =  democracylib  =  liberalcap  =  capitalism  4）Useentirefirstsyllableando

3、nly1stletterof2ndsyllable.pres  =  presentationsubj  =  subjectind  =  individualcons  =  conservative  5）Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.assoc  =  associatebiol  =  biologyinfo  =  informationach  =  achievementchem  =  chemis

4、trymax  =  maximumintro  =  introductionconc  =  concentrationmin  =  minimum9rep  =  repetition  6）Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.ppd  =  preparedprblm  =  problemestmt  =  estimatebkgd  =  backgroundgvt  =  government 7） Usean

5、apostropheinplaceofletters.am’t  =  amountcont’d  =  continuedgov’t  =  governmenteducat’l  =  educational8）Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.chpts  =  chaptersegs  =  examplesfs  =  frequenciesintros  =  introductions  9）Usegtorepresentingendings.ckg  =  

6、checkingestg  =  establishingdecrg  =  decreasingexptg  =  experimenting  10）Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.  11）Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.  12）Leaveoutunimportantwords.13）Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.  14）Ifater

7、m,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.  15）Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.&  =  andw/  =  withw/o  =  withoutvs  

8、=  against9  =  therefore=  =  isorequal  16）Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.zb  =  German,forexamp