资源描述：
《国际经济与贸易外文翻译外文文献英文文献国际海运业：国际产业的国际规则》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、INTERNATIONALSHIPPING:GLOBALREGULATIONFORAGLOBALINDUSTRYSource:[1]KrishnaPrasad,ChangingRoleofShip-Brokers,JournalofInformationTechnology,2004[2]EuropeanCommunity,OverviewoftheInternationalCommercialShipbuildingIndustry,FirstMarineInternationalLimited.2003[3]ICS,IMO,Internat
2、ionalshipping:GlobalRegulationForaGlobalIndustry,InternationalChamberofShipping,2007ConclusionsfromModalWorkshop4atthe2009InternationalTransportForumStatementbytheInternationalChamberofShipping(ICS)andtheInternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)Thefollowingstatementreflectsthed
3、iscussionduringModalWorkshop4,InternationalShipping:GlobalRegulationforaGlobalIndustry,whichtookplaceatthe2009InternationalTransportForuminLeipzig,Germany,on27May2009.Followingseveralyearsofincrediblybuoyantshippingmarkets,formanytradesthebestinlivingmemory,muchoftheinternat
4、ionalshippingindustryhasfallenpreytotheworldwideeconomicdownturn.Shippingisinherentlytheservantoftheeconomy,sothecontractionintrade,followingthebeginningofthe‘creditcrunch’inlate2008,hastranslatedintoadramaticandabruptreductionindemandforshipping.Initiallyworsthurtwerethecon
5、tainershiptrades.Bythespringof2009some10%ofthefleetwasalreadylaidup,muchofittoomodernandexpensivetogotorecyclingyards.However,thedrybulktradeshavealsobeenseverelyaffected,particularlybythereductionindemandforrawmaterialsfromChina,withspotmarketfreightratesforsomebulkcarriers
6、beingafractionofthepeakpricesachievedin2008.ByApril2009,ratesforcrude,productandchemicaltankershadalsofallenverysharply.Ingeneralmostshippingmarketspresentaratherbleakpicture.AmajorconcernofICSnationalshipowners’associationsthereforeistodiscouragegovernmentsfromrespondingtot
7、hecrisiswithprotectionistmeasures,whichwillonlydamageworldtradefurther.Moreparticularly,15governmentsmustavoidmeasuresthatrestrictfairandopenaccesstoshippingmarkets.Althoughmostshippingtodayenjoysrelativelyliberalisedtradingconditionscomparedtothedaysofnationalcargoreservati
8、oninthe1980s,shippingisunusualinthatitisoneofthefewmajorindustriesnotyetcov
