l历史语言研究所集刊77-4-1

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1、中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊第七十七本，第四分出版日期：民國九十五年十二月天學與歷史意識的變遷──王宏翰的《古今醫史》祝平一*本文考察王宏翰的《古今醫史》如何利用天學，重新檢視中國醫史。作為天學的信仰者，王氏認為基督宗教、儒學與醫學在上古時合而為一，只是時衰世變，中國人失去了信仰，儒學與醫學也因異端篡入而式微。王氏利用天學批評中國醫史中種種和道教、佛教相關的資料，並以天學駁斥醫史中和咒術、數術、鬼疾、外科等相關的記載，從而定位醫療實踐係以醫典為基礎、脈診和用藥為手段的「儒醫」術。藉著分析《古今醫史》，本文旨

2、在理解處於文化交會過程中的歷史行動者如何挪用不同的文化資源，融合不同的文化因子，創造自我的敘事，肯定自己生涯的意義，並在敘事中宏揚自己的信仰。外來宗教成為信仰者重新融鑄自我的契機，新的自我則成為具現信仰的載體。關鍵詞：王宏翰古今醫史儒醫宗教與醫療天主教*中央研究院歷史語言研究所-591-祝平一ChristianityandtheRewritingofChina’sMedicalPast:WangHonghan’sMedicalHistory:PastandPresentPing-yiChuInstitute

3、ofHistoryandPhilology,AcademiaSinicaThisarticleanalyzesWangHonghan’sMedicalHistory:PastandPresenttoinvestigatehowheappliedWesternnaturalphilosophyandChristianitytopresentanewinterpretationofChinesemedicalhistoryfromtheancientperioduntiltheseventeenthcentur

4、y.ByanalyzingWangHonghan’sMedicalHistory:PastandPresent,theauthorattemptstounderstandhowhistoricalactorssituatedatculturalcrossroadsutilizedandblendeddiverseculturalfactorstocreatetheirpersonalhistoricalnarration,affirmthemeaningoftheircareersasConfucianph

5、ysicians,andformulateanddisseminatetheirreligiousbeliefs.AsanadherentofWesternnaturalphilosophyandabelieverofChristianity,WangHonghanmaintainedthatChristianity,Confucianism,andmedicinehadbeenaunifiedsystemofthoughtandpracticeinancientChina.However,afterthe

6、QinDynasty,theChineseeventuallylosttheirChristianfaith.Asaresult,heterodoxbeliefsandpracticesreplacedtheinterconnectionbetweenauthenticChristianity,Confucianism,andmedicine.AfterformulatingatheoryofsymbiosisbetweenConfucianism,Christianity,andmedicine,Wang

7、appliedWesternnaturalphilosophyandChristianitytorefutetheeffectivenesswhichprevioushistoriesofChinesemedicaltextshadattributedtohealingmethodsdrawingonBuddhist,Taoist,andshamanicpracticessuchasdivination,exorcism,andincantation.Healsodisclaimedtheefficacyo

8、fsurgery.WangHonghan’sreinterpretationofChinesemedicalhistoryultimatelyresultedintheestablishmentofthepracticeofconsultingcertainmedicalclassicsasthefoundationforthepracticeofmedicine.ByusingtheteachingsofChr