历史语言研究所集刊77-1-1

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1、中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊第七十七本，第一分出版日期：民國九十五年三月論殷卜辭中的「」字為成湯之「成」──兼論「」「」為咸字說蔡哲茂*殷卜辭出土之後，大乙、唐很快地被考釋出即〈殷本紀〉的天乙與湯，卜辭做人名與地名的成字與金文合，但沒有人注意人名的成即成湯之成。由於卜辭有咸戊，即文獻中的巫咸，又有人名的「咸」，因此早期學者誤以為「咸」為咸戊的省稱。自陳夢家將卜辭從戌從丁的「」與從戌從口的「」一分為二，一指咸，一指成，甲骨學者從之者眾，因此有人主張「」與「」俱為成湯之成，甚至有人力主成湯之成為「」非「」。本文從字形分析，剖析卜辭之「」為成湯之成，「」與「」俱為咸字，亦指成

2、湯，而前賢謂《尚書‧酒誥》及《禮記‧緇衣》的「湯咸」，即卜辭中指成湯之「咸」，是可信的。關鍵詞：成咸尚書酒誥島邦男殷虛卜辭綜述*中央研究院歷史語言研究所-1-蔡哲茂OnReadingtheShangOracleBoneGraphastheCharacter“Cheng”成asin“ChengTang”成湯withaDiscussionoftheCharactersandastheCharacter“Xian”咸Che-MaoTsaiInstituteofHistoryandPhilology,AcademiaSinicaAftertheShangoraclebonesw

3、ereunearthed,itwasnotlongbeforethecharacters“Dayi”大乙and“Tang”唐weretakentobethecharacters“Tianyi”天乙and“Tang”湯fromthe“Yinbenji”殷本紀.Thecharacter“Cheng”成,usedinpeopleandplacenameswithinoracleboneinscriptions,isexactlythesameasthegraphfoundonbronzeinscriptions.Yetnoonehasnoticedthatthegraph“C

4、heng”usedinpeople’snamesisinfactthecharacter“Cheng”asin“ChengTang”成湯.Asthename“Xianwu”咸戊(巫咸inlatertexts)appearsontheoraclebones,asdoesthename“Xian”咸,earlyscholarsmistakenlyassumedthat“Xian”wasanabbreviationfortheregionaltoponym“Xianwu.”ChenMengjiatreatedandastwoseparatecharactersthathade

5、volvedfromasinglemoreprimitiveversion.Hethoughttheformerhaddevelopedfromthecharacters戌and丁,andthelatterfromthecharacters戌and口.thusrefersto“Xian,”whilerefersto“Cheng.”Manyscholarsoftheoracleboneinscriptionsfollowedinthislineofthinking,andthussomearguedthatandwerebothrepresentationsofthech

6、aracter“Cheng”asin“ChengTang.”Otherseveninsistedthat,andnot,shouldbereadasthecharacter“Cheng”asin“ChengTang.”Thepresentpaper,incontrasttopreviousstudies,reliesonananalysisoftheformsofthecharactersthemselves.Thisarticleproposesthattheoraclebonegraphshouldberead“Cheng”asin“ChengTang,”andth

7、atandshouldbothbeinterpretedas“Xian”andthatbothreferto“ChengTang.”Furthermoreitisplausiblethattheoraclebonegraph“Xian”thatrefersto“ChengTang”isnoneotherthan“Tangxian”湯咸from“Jiugao”酒誥oftheShangshu尚書andfrom“Ziyi”緇衣oftheLiji禮記,aspreviousscholarshavesuggested.Keywords:“Cheng,