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1、规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:1.直接在词尾加-ed。如:want—wanted,work—worked,need—needed,clean—cleaned2.以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:like—liked,live—lived,use—used,move—moved3.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop—stopped,trip—tripped元音:aeiou辅音:bdgvrznpmtc(kg)flshjx重读闭音节法:两个辅音间夹着一个元音。4.以辅音字母加y
2、结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied,carry—carried,hurry—hurried,marry—married不规则动词的过去式构成:(1)把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam(2)把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote(3)改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。如:draw—drew,grow—gr
3、ew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)(4)动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:get—got,forget—forgot(5)动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:feed—fed,meet—met(6)动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:keep—kept,sleep—slept(7)动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:break—broke,speak—spoke(8)动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:sell—sold,tell—told(9)动词原形中的an改为
4、oo,变成过去式。如:stand—stood,understand—understood(10)以ought和aught结尾的过去式。如:bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught(11)以ould结尾的情态动词过去式。如:can—could,shall—should,will—would(12)把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:come—came,become—became(13)在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式。如:hear—heard,say—said,mean—m
5、eant(14)动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read(15)不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have/has—had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took5动词的ing形式作表语,定语和宾补一、动词-ing形式作表语
6、(表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。)1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.(=keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词) Theproblemisquitepuzzling.这个问题很令困惑。3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,confusing,
7、disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。二、动词-ing形式作定语(在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语)1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom =aroomwhichisusedforreading阅览室runningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋aworkingmethod =amethodforworking工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状
8、态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示