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1、Review1.Whycan’tbeusednonselectivea-Rblockersinhypertension?2.Whicheffectsanduseshaveb-Rblockers?3.Whichfeatureshaveprocaine,lidocaine,tetracaineandbupivacainerespectively?（Youcancomparethemfromtheirintensity,toxicity,penetratingpower,usesandadverseeff
2、ects）Chapter11Sedative-hypnotics镇静催眠药Chapter13Anti-epileptics抗癫痫药Thedepartmentofpharmacology：辛志伟PurposeandRequirementTobemaster：effects,usesandadverseeffectsofbenzodiazepinesandphenytoinsodium.Tobefamilialwith：①effects,usesandadverseeffectsofphenobarbi
3、tal,thiopental；②theantiepilepticeffectsandusesofPhenobarbital,diazepam,carbamazepine,ethosuximide,sodiumvalproate.Tobeknown：featureoftheothersedative-hypnoticsandanti-epileptics.Professionalterms镇静催眠药Sedative-hypnotics苯二氮卓类benzodiazepines，BZ地西泮(安定)diaz
4、epam；苯巴比妥phenobarbital,鲁米那luminal硫贲妥钠thiopentalsodium抗癫痫药Anti-epileptics苯妥英钠phenytoinsodium；大仑丁dilantin卡马西平(酰胺咪嗪)carbamazepineChapter11Sedative-hypnoticsSection1Introduction一、概念Sedative-hypnotics：是一类能抑制中枢神经系统，产生镇静（缓解激动，消除躁动，恢复安静情绪）和近似生理睡眠的药物。Sedative-h
5、ypnotics=Sedatives+Hypnotics二、生理睡眠与药物催眠（一）生理睡眠：时相、过程、生理意义locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennigh
6、tcame（二）药物催眠1、药物对睡眠的影响：诱导、加深、延长时间2、多数药物可缩短REMS→反跳→依赖性三、镇静催眠药的分类Benzodiazepines,BZ苯二氮卓类BarbituratesOthersSection2常用药物一、苯二氮卓类（Benzodiazepines）【Basicfeatures】1、抗焦虑作用显著：小于镇静剂量时即可出现。2、安全性好：①大剂量也无麻醉作用；②安全范围大；③依赖性较小。同类药作用性质一样，但各有侧重。【pharmacokinetics】Absorptio
7、n：口服吸收快而完全，Ｔmax0.5~1.5h；肌注吸收慢而不规则(一般不采用)。Distribution:静注能迅速进入脑组织，随后再分布到肌肉、脂肪组织，而使脑内浓度很快降低，故静注显效快，维持时间短。Elimination:主经肝代谢，多数药物的代谢物(尤其是N-去甲基代谢物)仍有活性，且消除慢，易蓄积。locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwh
8、ichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame【Effectsandclinicaluses】1、抗焦虑：可改善焦虑症的紧张、忧虑、恐惧、失眠等症状。(与选择性抑制边缘系统有关)Uses:①焦虑症：为首选药(选择性高、安全范围大，作用持久、依赖性小)。②其它神经官能症：尤其是伴焦虑者。2、镇静催眠：可明显延长
