chapterfive第五章语义学

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1、ChapterFive第五章语义学1、Semantics定义canbesimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaning.Someviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning: 2、语义研究的主要流派有哪些？（四种）1)Thenamingtheory:命名论.Oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,andalsoaveryprimitiveone,ItwasproposedbytheancientGreekscholarPl

2、ato.Accordingtothistheory,thelinguisticformsorsymbolsusedinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.Sowordsarejustnamesorlabelsforthings.2)Theconceptualistview:意念论Itholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.Inth

3、einterpretationofmeaning,theyarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.3)Contextualism:(语境论)Itisbasedonthepresumption(假定)thatonecanderive推导)meaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservable可观测的)contexts.Twokindsofcontextarerecognized:thesituationalcontext

4、andthelinguisticcontext.Forexample,themeaningoftheword"seal"inthesentence"Thesealcouldnotbefound"canonlybedeterminedaccordingtothecontextinwhichthesentenceoccurs:4)Behaviorism行为主义论 ThecontextualistviewwasfurtherstrengthenedbyBloomfield.Hedrewonbehav

5、ioristpsychologywhenhetriedtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticforms.Behavioristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformas"thesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer".(Bloomfield, Thisbehavioristtheoryissomewhatclosetoco

6、ntextualism.Itislinkedwithpsychologicalinterest.5、意义与所指有什么关系Senseandreference？ Senseandreferencearetwotermsinthestudyofmeaning.Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstract

7、andde-contextualized.Itistheaspectofmeaningthatdictionarycompilersareinterestedin.itisabstractandde-contextualized. Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-lingui

8、sticworldofexperience.(2)关系：Obviously,linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.Ontheotherhand,therearelessfrequentoccasionswhenlinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense,e.g.“morningstar”and“evenings