第八讲 增词省词法及长句的译法

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1、第八讲增词省词法及长句的译法由于英汉两种语言在语法、词义、修辞、逻辑和文化等方面存在着某些差异，在英译汉时有时无法将原文中的每一个词都转换成汉语中的对等词，因而就有必要做些增减，使译文更加通顺流畅，符合汉语的行文习惯。但无论增词法还是减词法，增减的是词，而不是意。例1．Usingnuclearpowertomakeelectricitywasnew.例2．Ifwintercomes,canspringbefaraway?例3．Somepeopledon’tlikesoftdrinks.一．增词法：又称增译法，是根据结构、语义、修辞的

2、需要在译文中增加一些原文中虽无其词但有其意的词，以确保译文全面准确地表达原文的意思，使译文在语法和语言形式上符合汉语习惯。1．结构性增词例：A．Youneedn’tstay,butBillmust.B．Helikes，andIhate,smoking.C．Takethisprescriptiontoyourlocalpharmacy.D．Theproblemisbothpsychologicalandphysiological.2.语义性增词例：1．ShehasbeentalkinginFrenchfortwohourswithou

3、tanymistakes.2．Fromthecontemptuousandroughtreatmenthereceivedfromhisjailers,hewassurethathewouldbeexecutedthenextday.1．I’mgoodatknitting.2．Eachdaytheyaskedthedoctorforadelay,prayingthattheirson’slegswouldsomehowhealandhewouldbecomewellagain.3．Whataleaderhewas!4．Astream

4、waswindingitswaythroughthevalleyintotheriver.5．Thefirstelectroniccomputerscameintousein1958.6．InflationwasandstillistheNo.1problemforthecountry.3.修饰性增词：修饰性增词大都是出于汉语行文上的考虑，为进一步增强汉语的语言表达效果所增加的不改变原文意思的语气词、强调性副词、修辞上所要的重叠词汇。例:1.Don’ttakeitseriously.It’sonlyajoke.2.Ashesatdo

5、wnandbegantalking,wordspouredout.3.Whitecloudsfloatoverthebluesky.4.Herroomisalwayskeptcleanandtidythoughsheisbusyallday.一．减词法:又称减译法，是将原文需要而在译文中显得多余的词省去，使译文更加精炼，符合汉语习惯。英语中有些词是因为语法上需要而存在的，如冠词、代词、介词和连词。汉语中这几种词用的较少，所以往往可以省略不译。例：1．Afastrailroadtrain,traveling96kilometersan

6、hour,takesmorethan48hourstocrossthecountry.2.Manisdifferentfromotheranimals.3.Mostsubstancesexpandwhenheatedandcontractwhencooled.4.Heisn’therebecauseheisill.5.Youcannotbuildaship,abridgeorahouseifyoudon’tknowhowtomakeadesignorhowtoreadit.6.Inwinter,itismuchcolderinthe

7、NorththanitisintheSouth.练习题：ShortlyafterIarrivedbackatmyofficefrommyvisitwithyou,IwastoldbyourAdministrativeVice-PresidentthatIwasbeingpromotedtothepositionofmanagerofcomputerservices.Itisanexcellentopportunity(whichcameasacompletesurprise)andonethatIfeelIcannotpassup.

8、Therefore,Imustdeclineyourgenerousoffer.三．长句的翻译：翻译长句时，首先要克服畏惧心理，其次要认真分析句子结构和逻辑关系，然后根据汉语的表达习惯，着笔翻译。这样可以避免译文的意思支离破碎，逻辑不