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1、2OLIVERSTRUNK:'THEELEMENTSOFSTYLE'(4thedition)Firstpublishedin1935,Copyright©OliverStrunkLastRevision:©WilliamStrunkJr.andEdwardA.Tenney,2000Earliereditions:©MacmillanPublishingCo.,Inc.,1959,1972Copyright©2000,1979,ALLYN&BACON,'APearsonEducationCompany'Intr
2、oduction-©E.B.White,1979&'TheNewYorkerMagazine',1957ForewordbyRogerAngell,AfterwardbyCharlesOsgood,GlossarypreparedbyRobertDiYanniISBN0-205-30902-X(paperback),ISBN0-205-31342-6(casebound).________Machine-readableversionandchecking:O.DagE-mail:dag@orwell.ruU
3、RL:http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/LastmodifiedonApril,2003.3TheElementsofStyleOliverStrunkContentsFOREWORDixINTRODUCTIONxiiiI.ELEMENTARYRULESOFUSAGE11.Formthepossessivesingularofnounsbyadding's.12.Inaseriesofthreeormoretermswithasingleconjunction,use
4、acommaaftereachtermexceptthelast.23.Encloseparentheticexpressionsbetweencommas.24.Placeacommabeforeaconjunctionintroducinganindependentclause.55.Donotjoinindependentclauseswithacomma.56.Donotbreaksentencesintwo.77.Useacolonafteranindependentclausetointroduc
5、ealistofparticulars,anappositive,anamplification,oranillustrativequotation.78.Useadashtosetoffanabruptbreakorinterruptionandtoannouncealongappositiveorsummary.99.Thenumberofthesubjectdeterminesthenumberoftheverb.910.Usethepropercaseofpronoun.1111.Aparticipi
6、alphraseatthebeginningofasentencemustrefertothegrammaticalsubject.13II.ELEMENTARYPRINCIPLESOFCOMPOSITION1512.Chooseasuitabledesignandholdtoit.1513.Maketheparagraphtheunitofcomposition.1514.Usetheactivevoice.1815.Putstatementsinpositiveform.1916.Usedefinite,
7、specific,concretelanguage.21417.Omitneedlesswords.2318.Avoidasuccessionofloosesentences.2519.Expresscoordinateideasinsimilarform.2620.Keeprelatedwordstogether.2821.Insummaries,keeptoonetense.3122.Placetheemphaticwordsofasentenceattheend.32III.AFEWMATTERSOFF
8、ORM34IV.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSCOMMONLYMISUSED39V.ANAPPROACHTOSTYLE(WithaListofReminders)661.Placeyourselfinthebackground.702.Writeinawaythatcomesnaturally.703.Workfromasuitabledesign.704.Writewithnounsand
