新发现的梵文贝叶写本《中论颂》与《佛护释》

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1、新发现的梵文贝叶写本《中论颂》与《佛护释》叶少勇【专题名称】宗教【专题号】B9【复印期号】2010年03期【原文出处】《北京大学学报：哲学社会科学版》2010年1期第99～107页【英文标题】TheMūlamadhyamakakārikāandBuddhapālita'sCommentary:AnIntroductiontoNewlyIdentifiedSanskritManuscripts【作者简介】叶少勇，男，河南濮阳人，北京大学外国语学院南亚学系讲师，文学博士，北京　100871【内容提要】“原民族宫藏梵文写本”之中新发现了两部梵文贝叶残本——《中论颂》与《佛护释》，使目前《中论》相关梵

2、本形态迟晚和谱系单一的困境得到了改观。公元2、3世纪龙树所作《中论颂》是中观派的立宗之本，对中国佛教曾产生巨大影响。新发现的《中论颂》梵本约存全本的四分之一，是目前世界上唯一能为学者所利用的单行偈颂梵本。佛护的《中论颂》注释以前仅存藏译，此次是其梵本的首次发现，约占整个篇幅的九分之一。根据字体特征推断，这两部残本抄出于6世纪后半或7世纪前半的尼泊尔，是现存最古的中观写本。两部写本所保存的梵文偈颂，可以对前人刊本作出多处修正，还能体现出诸家注释之间偈颂文本不同传承的一些痕迹。这证实了早前一些学者关于《中论颂》有不同梵文传本的猜测。Thisarticleaimsatintroducingtwoin

3、completeSanskritmanuscripts,Mūlamadhyamakakārikā(MK)andBuddhapālita-mūlamadhyamaka-vtti(BP),whichhavebeennewlyidentifiedfromtheCollectionofSanskritManuscriptsformerlypreservedintheChinaEthnicLibrary.AlthoughtheMKwascomposedbyNāgārjunaasearlyasthesecondorthirdcenturyCE,norelevantSanskritmanuscriptold

4、erthanthetwelfthcenturyhadbeenfound.Whatwasevenmorefrustratingwasthatallthesourcesweremonogenic.Thissituationchangedwiththediscoveryofthesetwomanuscripts.Theremainingpalm-leavesoftheMKamounttoapproximatelyonefourthoftheentirework.Todate,itistheonlyaccessibleSanskritmanuscriptofitskindfortheindepende

5、ntkārikās.TheBPwasformerlyavailabletousonlythroughaTibetantranslation.TheaforementionedmanuscriptofBPcomprisesapproximatelyoneninthofthewholework.ThisisthefirsttimethatthisSanskrittexthasbecomeavailabletothemodernworld.ApaleographicalstudyshowsthatthesetwomanuscriptswereprobablywritteninNepalinthese

6、condhalfofthesixthcenturyorthefirsthalfoftheseventh.TheyarethereforetheoldestextantSanskritmanuscriptsinsofarasMadhyamakatextsareconcerned.Basedonthereadingspreservedbythesetwomanuscripts,someemendationsmaybesuggestedtothepreviouseditionsoftheMK.Moreover,somehintsofthetextuallineagecanbetraced,which

7、confirmtheearlierconjecturebysomescholarsthattheSanskrittextoftheMKmayhaveexistedindifferentversions.【日   期】2009-06-10【关键词】梵文写本/西藏贝叶经/中论/中观/龙树/佛护SanskritmanuscriptsinTibet/Mūlamadhyamakakārikā/Madhyam