人工智能神经网络及其语言 on lisp - advanced techniques for common lisp

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1、PrefaceThisbookisintendedforanyonewhowantstobecomeabetterLispprogrammer.ItassumessomefamiliaritywithLisp,butnotnecessarilyextensiveprogrammingexperience.Thefirstfewchapterscontainafairamountofreview.IhopethatthesesectionswillbeinterestingtomoreexperiencedLispprogra

2、mmersaswell,becausetheypresentfamiliarsubjectsinanewlight.It’sdifficulttoconveytheessenceofaprogramminglanguageinonesentence,butJohnFoderarohascomeclose:Lispisaprogrammableprogramminglanguage.ThereismoretoLispthanthis,buttheabilitytobendLisptoone’swillisalargeparto

3、fwhatdistinguishesaLispexpertfromanovice.Aswellaswritingtheirprogramsdowntowardthelanguage,experiencedLispprogrammersbuildthelanguageuptowardtheirprograms.Thisbookteacheshowtoprograminthebottom-upstyleforwhichLispisinherentlywell-suited.Bottom-upDesignBottom-updes

4、ignisbecomingmoreimportantassoftwaregrowsincomplexity.Programstodaymayhavetomeetspecificationswhichareextremelycomplex,orevenopen-ended.Undersuchcircumstances,thetraditionaltop-downmethodsometimesbreaksdown.InitsplacetherehasevolvedastyleofprogrammingvviPREFACEquit

5、edifferentfromwhatiscurrentlytaughtinmostcomputersciencecourses:abottom-upstyleinwhichaprogramiswrittenasaseriesoflayers,eachoneactingasasortofprogramminglanguagefortheoneabove.XWindowsandTEXareexamplesofprogramswritteninthisstyle.Thethemeofthisbookistwofold:thatL

6、ispisanaturallanguageforprogramswritteninthebottom-upstyle,andthatthebottom-upstyleisanaturalwaytowriteLispprograms.OnLispwillthusbeofinteresttotwoclassesofreaders.Forpeopleinterestedinwritingextensibleprograms,thisbookwillshowwhatyoucandoifyouhavetherightlanguage

7、.ForLispprogrammers,thisbookoffersapracticalexplanationofhowtouseLisptoitsbestadvantage.Thetitleisintendedtostresstheimportanceofbottom-upprogramminginLisp.InsteadofjustwritingyourprograminLisp,youcanwriteyourownlanguageonLisp,andwriteyourprograminthat.Itispossibl

8、etowriteprogramsbottom-upinanylanguage,butLispisthemostnaturalvehicleforthisstyleofprogramming.InLisp,bottom-updesignisnotaspecialtechniquereservedforun