人工智能神经网络及其语言 on lisp - advanced techniques for common lisp

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1、PrefaceThisbookisintendedforanyonewhowantstobecomeabetterLispprogrammer.ItassumessomefamiliaritywithLisp,butnotnecessarilyextensiveprogrammingexperience.Thefirstfewchapterscontainafairamountofreview.IhopethatthesesectionswillbeinterestingtomoreexperiencedLispp

2、rogrammersaswell,becausetheypresentfamiliarsubjectsinanewlight.It’sdifficulttoconveytheessenceofaprogramminglanguageinonesentence,butJohnFoderarohascomeclose:Lispisaprogrammableprogramminglanguage.ThereismoretoLispthanthis,buttheabilitytobendLisptoone’swillisa

3、largepartofwhatdistinguishesaLispexpertfromanovice.Aswellaswritingtheirprogramsdowntowardthelanguage,experiencedLispprogrammersbuildthelanguageuptowardtheirprograms.Thisbookteacheshowtoprograminthebottom-upstyleforwhichLispisinherentlywell-suited.Bottom-upDes

4、ignBottom-updesignisbecomingmoreimportantassoftwaregrowsincomplexity.Programstodaymayhavetomeetspecificationswhichareextremelycomplex,orevenopen-ended.Undersuchcircumstances,thetraditionaltop-downmethodsometimesbreaksdown.Initsplacetherehasevolvedastyleofprogr

5、ammingvviPREFACEquitedifferentfromwhatiscurrentlytaughtinmostcomputersciencecourses:abottom-upstyleinwhichaprogramiswrittenasaseriesoflayers,eachoneactingasasortofprogramminglanguagefortheoneabove.XWindowsandTEXareexamplesofprogramswritteninthisstyle.Thetheme

6、ofthisbookistwofold:thatLispisanaturallanguageforprogramswritteninthebottom-upstyle,andthatthebottom-upstyleisanaturalwaytowriteLispprograms.OnLispwillthusbeofinteresttotwoclassesofreaders.Forpeopleinterestedinwritingextensibleprograms,thisbookwillshowwhatyou

7、candoifyouhavetherightlanguage.ForLispprogrammers,thisbookoffersapracticalexplanationofhowtouseLisptoitsbestadvantage.Thetitleisintendedtostresstheimportanceofbottom-upprogramminginLisp.InsteadofjustwritingyourprograminLisp,youcanwriteyourownlanguageonLisp,an

8、dwriteyourprograminthat.Itispossibletowriteprogramsbottom-upinanylanguage,butLispisthemostnaturalvehicleforthisstyleofprogramming.InLisp,bottom-updesignisnotaspecialtechniquereservedforun