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1、TheRoleofGeographyinHumanAdaptation1.¤a1.1¤b12GrahamCoop*,JosephK.Pickrell*,JohnNovembre,SridharKudaravalli,JunLi,Devin33451,6Absher,RichardM.Myers,LuigiLucaCavalli-Sforza,MarcusW.Feldman,JonathanK.Pritchard*1DepartmentofHumanGenetics,UniversityofChicago,Chicago
2、,Illinois,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofHumanGenetics,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3HudsonAlphaInstituteforBiotechnology,Huntsville,Alabama,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4DepartmentofGenetics,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,California,Un
3、itedStatesofAmerica,5DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,6HowardHughesMedicalInstitute,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,Illinois,UnitedStatesofAmericaAbstractVariousobservationsargueforaroleofadaptationinrecenth
4、umanevolution,includingresultsfromgenome-widestudiesandanalysesofselectionsignalsatcandidategenes.Here,weusegenome-wideSNPdatafromtheHapMapandCEPH-HumanGenomeDiversityPanelsamplestostudythegeographicdistributionsofputativelyselectedallelesatarangeofgeographicsca
5、les.WefindthattheaverageallelefrequencydivergenceishighlypredictiveofthemostextremeFSTvaluesacrossthewholegenome.Onabroadscale,thegeographicdistributionofputativelyselectedallelesalmostinvariablyconformstopopulationclustersidentifiedusingrandomlychosengeneticmar
6、kers.Giventhisstructure,therearesurprisinglyfewfixedornearlyfixeddifferencesbetweenhumanpopulations.Amongthenearlyfixeddifferencesthatdoexist,nearlyallareduetofixationeventsthatoccurredoutsideofAfrica,andmostappearinEastAsia.Thesepatternssuggestthatselectionisof
7、tenweakenoughthatneutralprocesses—especiallypopulationhistory,migration,anddrift—exertpowerfulinfluencesoverthefateandgeographicdistributionofselectedalleles.Citation:CoopG,PickrellJK,NovembreJ,KudaravalliS,LiJ,etal.(2009)TheRoleofGeographyinHumanAdaptation.PLoS
8、Genet5(6):e1000500.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000500Editor:MikkelH.Schierup,UniversityofAarhus,DenmarkReceivedNovember12,2008;AcceptedMay4,2009;PublishedJune5,2009Copy
