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1、Leukemia(2009)23,1257–1263&2009MacmillanPublishersLimitedAllrightsreserved0887-6924/09$32.00www.nature.com/leuSPOTLIGHTREVIEWTheroleofmicroRNAinhumanleukemia:areview12SYendamuriandGACalin12DepartmentofThoracicSurgery,RoswellParkCancerInstitute,Buffalo,NY,USAandDepartmentofExperimentalTherapeutic
2、s,UniversityofTexasMDAndersonCancerCenter,Houston,TX,USAMicroRNAs(miRNAsormiRs)are18–22-nucleotidenon-codingtarget.Ifthesequenceisaperfectmatch,thefinalresultseemsRNAsthathaveemergedasanewparadigmofepigenetictobetargetmRNAdegradationinamannersimilartosiRNA-regulationinbothnormaldevelopmentandcell
3、ularfunction,inducedgeneexpressionsilencing.Thisseemstobetheandinthepathogenesisofhumandiseaseincludingcancer.Thisreviewsummarizesthecurrentliteratureofmechanismofpredominantmechanisminplants.AlessthanperfectmatchgeneregulationbymiRNAandtheirroleinhematopoiesisandmayresultininefficienttranslation
4、leadingtoeffectivedown-leukemogenesis.Anunderstandingoftheseprocessessug-regulationofthegene,amechanismmorecommoningestsfurtheravenuesforresearchtounderstandgeneregula-animals.79IsolatedexamplesofmiRNAleadingtoupregulationtionandmiRNA-basedtherapeuticapproaches.ofgeneshavebeenreported.10Leukemia
5、(2009)23,1257–1263;doi:10.1038/leu.2008.382;Themechanismoftranslationalrepressionisknownonlypublishedonline15January200911Keywords:microRNA;non-codingRNA;microarray;partially.ThemRNAsegmentsthatmiRNAsbindseemtobemostlyinthe30UTRsofgenes.Intheseregions,typically,severalmiRNA-bindingsequencesseemt
6、oactinconcert.Thecombinedeffectofthisbindingseemstodependonthedistancebetweenthebindingsequencesandthenumberofbindingsequences.12However,ifthesesequencesareplacedinthe50MicroRNAsregulategeneexpressionendorevenintheexons,repressionstilltakesplace,suggesting1thatsequenceratherthanlocationmaybetheo
7、ver-ridingfactor.DiscoveredinCaenorhabditiselegansin1993,microRNAs30UTRbindingmayaffecttranslationbothattheinitiationstep(miRNAs)haveemergedasamajormechanismofepigeneticandatthepost-initiationtranslation.Ithasbeenshownthatre
