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1、WHATISLIFE?numeroussectionswereoriginallyintendedtobeERWINSCHRODINGERmarginalsummaries,andthetextofeveryFirstpublished1944chaptershouldbereadincontinuo.E.S.DublinSeptember1944Whatislife?ThePhysicalAspectoftheLivingCell.HomolibernulladereminusquamdemorteBasedonlecturesdeliveredundertheauspic
2、esofcogitat;etejussapientianonmortissedvitaetheDublinInstituteforAdvancedStudiesatmeditatioest.SPINOZA'SEthics,PtIV,Prop.TrinityCollege,Dublin,inFebruary1943.67TothememoryofMyParents(ThereisnothingoverwhichafreemanpondersPrefacelessthandeath;hiswisdomis,tomeditatenotonAscientistissupposedto
3、haveacompleteanddeathbutonlife.)thoroughIofknowledge,atfirsthand,ofsomesubjectsand,therefore,isusuallyexpectednottoCHAPTER1writeonanytopicofwhichheisnotalife,TheClassicalPhysicist'sApproachtotheSubjectmaster.Thisisregardedasamatterofnoblesseoblige.ForthepresentpurposeIbegtorenounceThislittl
4、ebookarosefromacourseofpublicthenoblesse,ifany,andtobethefreedofthelectures,deliveredbyatheoreticalphysicisttoanensuingobligation.Myexcuseisasfollows:Weaudienceofaboutfourhundredwhichdidnothaveinheritedfromourforefathersthekeensubstantiallydwindle,thoughwarnedatthelongingforunified,all-embr
5、acingknowledge.outsetthatthesubject-matterwasadifficultoneTheverynamegiventothehighestinstitutionsandthatthelecturescouldnotbetermedpopular,oflearningremindsus,thatfromantiquitytoandeventhoughthephysicist’smostdreadedthroughoutmanycenturiestheuniversalaspectweapon,mathematicaldeduction,woul
6、dhardlyhasbeentheonlyonetobegivenfullcredit.Butbeutilized.Thereasonforthiswasnotthatthethespread,bothinandwidthanddepth,ofthesubjectwassimpleenoughtobeexplainedmultifariousbranchesofknowledgebyduringwithoutmathematics,butratherthatitwasmuchthelasthundredoddyearshasconfrontedustooinvolvedtob
7、efullyaccessibletowithaqueerdilemma.Wefeelclearlythatwemathematics.Anotherfeaturewhichatleastareonlynowbeginningtoacquirereliableinducedasemblanceofpopularitywasthematerialforweldingtogetherthesumtotalofalllecturer'sintentiontomakeclearthefundamentalthat